Explanation

Folic acid is not an amino acid; it is a B vitamin (B9) important for DNA synthesis and repair.

In contrast, lysine, glutamic acid, and glycine are all amino acids that serve as building blocks for proteins.

Explanation

When carboxylic acids are heated with alcohol in the presence of sulfuric acid, the reaction forms esters through a process known as esterification.

Sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst, facilitating the reaction between the acid and alcohol.

Explanation

Phenol is less acidic than carboxylic acids.

Because carboxylic acids can stabilize their conjugate base through resonance and inductive effects, whereas phenol has less stabilization for its conjugate base.

Explanation

The common name of 2-hydroxy propanoic acid is lactic acid.

It is a compound commonly found in sour milk and produced during anaerobic respiration in muscles.

Explanation

Ethanol gives the iodoform reaction because it contains a methyl group adjacent to the hydroxyl-bearing carbon.

It forming iodoform (CHI₃) when reacted with iodine and a base.

Explanation

The reaction of HCN with formaldehyde is a nucleophilic addition reaction, where the cyanide ion (CN⁻) acts as a nucleophile.

It attacking the electrophilic carbonyl carbon of formaldehyde to form a cyanohydrin.

Explanation

The blue color of Fehling's solution changes to red when warmed with an aldehyde due to the reduction of copper(II) ions to Cu₂O (copper(I) oxide), which forms a red precipitate.

This indicates the presence of an aldehyde.

Explanation

The general formula CnH₂nO corresponds to ketones, where a carbonyl group (C=O) is bonded to two alkyl groups.

This formula is consistent with ketones but not with carboxylic acids, ethers, or carbolic acid (phenol).

Carboxylic acids: CnH₂nO₂

Ethers: CnH₂n+₂O

Alcohols: CnH₂n+₂O

Explanation

In the SN2 mechanism, the C-X bond breaks and the C-Nu bond forms simultaneously in a single concerted step.

It involving a backside attack by the nucleophile and inversion of configuration at the carbon center.

Explanation

In both substitution and elimination reactions, the leaving group plays a similar role by departing from the alkyl halide, enabling the reaction to proceed.

Better leaving groups increase the likelihood of both types of reactions occurring.