Explanation

The p orbital has 2 lobes that are oriented in space along specific axes (x, y, and z).

In addition to p orbitals, other orbitals include:

• s orbitals: 1 lobe (spherical)
• d orbitals: 4 or 5 lobes
• f orbitals: 8 lobes

Explanation

The mass of 20.18 a.m.u. is the average atomic mass of Neon, reflecting the weighted average of all its isotopes.

Individual atoms may have slightly different masses due to the presence of isotopes.

Explanation

The atomic mass of an element depends on the number of isotopes and their relative abundances in nature.

It is a weighted average of the masses of all isotopes present.

Explanation

Mass spectrometry is used to determine the type and relative amounts of isotopes in an element by measuring the mass-to-charge ratio of ionized particles.

This helps identify different isotopes based on their mass differences.

Explanation

• The number of moles is directly proportional to the mass of an element.
• It is calculated by dividing the mass of the element by its molar mass.
• Mass: As the mass increases, the number of moles increases by the same factor (n = mass/molar mass).
• Number of Atoms: As the number of atoms increases, the number of moles increases according to Avogadro's number.

Explanation

The -NH₂ group is an electron-donating substituent that releases electrons to the benzene ring through resonance.

It increasing the electron density on the ring.

Explanation

Homocyclic compounds consist of rings made entirely of carbon atoms.

They are classified as alicyclic (non-aromatic) or aromatic based on the ring structure's bonding and stability.

Explanation

The incorrect feature of electrolytic cells is "Alternating current source is connected to electrodes."

Electrolytic cells use direct current (DC) to drive non-spontaneous reactions, not alternating current (AC).

Explanation

The irrelevant step in balancing redox equations by the oxidation number method is "Split the reaction into two half reactions."

This step is part of the ion-electron method, not the oxidation number method.

It focuses on changes in oxidation states.

Explanation

The given compound is an ionic compound

It is made up of:

• one potassium
• one manganese,
• four oxygen atoms.

Oxidation numbers of potassium (K) and oxygen (O) are +1 and -2 respectively.

Let us assume that the oxidation number of Mn is $x$.

Since ionic compounds are neutral, the net charge on them is zero.

(Oxidation number of K) + (Oxidation number of Mn) + (4 $\times$ The oxidation number of O) = $0$

(1)$\times$(K) + (1)$\times$(Mn) + 4$\times$(O) = $0$

$(1)$$\times$(+1) + (1)$\times$($x$) + 4$\times$(-2) = $0$

$x$ = +7

Hence, the oxidation number of $\text{Mn}$ in ${\text{KMnO}}_4$ is +7.