Explanation

PbCl₂ (lead(II) chloride) is ionic.

Lead(II) chloride forms an ionic lattice structure with chloride ions,

while PbCl₄ is a covalent complex.

Explanation

Thermal energy is produced during fission reactions in nuclear reactors, which is used to generate electricity.

Explanation

The SN1 reaction mechanism involves the formation of a carbocation intermediate, which is favored by the presence of a good leaving group and a stable carbocation.

None of the options listed (toluene, nitrobenzene, or benzoic acid) are typically associated with undergoing SN1 reactions 

Explanation

Alkali metals (such as lithium, sodium, potassium, etc.) act as reducing agents.

They readily lose their single valence electron to form positive ions, which means they donate electrons in reactions

Explanation

Both CS₂ (carbon disulfide) and SO₃ (sulfur trioxide) have zero dipole moment.

Note….: Here CS 2 and SO3 options are correct. However, FPSC did not give a choice of both A and B.

Explanation

When cyclohexane is oxidized with nitric acid (HNO₃), it typically yields adipic acid.

Adipic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with the formula C₆H₁₀O₄, and it is commonly used in the production of nylon. 

Explanation

The cell constant is a measure used in conductivity measurements and is defined as the ratio of the distance between the electrodes to the area of the electrodes.

Its unit is cm⁻¹ (inverse centimeters), which reflects the geometric configuration of the cell used in measuring conductivity.

Explanation

Iron is essential in making hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells.

These red blood cells help carry oxygen throughout your body.

Explanation

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a biopolymer composed of long chains of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of genetic material.

Biopolymers are naturally occurring polymers produced by living organisms.

Explanation

dsp2 type of hybridization is seen especially in the case of transition metal ions.

The orbitals involved in this type of hybridization are dx2−y2, s and two p orbitals