Explanation

There are three main scales used to measure temperature:

1. Celsius scale: Water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C.
2. Fahrenheit scale: Water freezes at 32°F and boils at 212°F.
3. Kelvin scale: Absolute zero (the theoretical minimum temperature) is 0K, and water freezes at 273.15K and boils at 373.15K.

Explanation

• A thermometer is typically made up of a glass tube filled with Mercury (Hg), a silvery-white liquid metal.
• The Mercury expands or contracts in response to changes in temperature, allowing us to measure the temperature.

Explanation

• James Prescott Joule established that the various forms of energy, mechanical, electrical and heat, are basically the same and can be changed from one form into another.
• He demonstrated that different forms of energy are interchangeable in his most famous experiment, published in 1845, using a paddle wheel to show that mechanical energy could be changed into thermal energy.

Explanation

• Heat is measured in Joules (J), which is the unit of energy.
• Heat is a form of energy transferred from one body to another due to a temperature difference.

Explanation

The properties used to describe heat are:

• Hot (high temperature)
• Energy (thermal energy)
• Cold (low temperature)

Explanation

• As a result of the flow of energy (heat) from a region of high temperature to a region of low temperature: the warmer materials cool down and cooler materials warm up.
• This flow of energy is known as heat transfer.
• It occurs through conduction, convection, and radiation.
  
• As a result, the warmer materials lose energy and cool down, while the cooler materials gain energy and warm up.

Explanation

• Heat is a form of energy that is transferred from one body to another due to a temperature difference.
• It is a type of kinetic energy that is transferred through the motion of particles.

Explanation

• Temperature is the measurement of the hotness or coldness of an object or substance.
• It is a physical property that is usually measured in units of Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F), or Kelvin (K).

Explanation

When you put sand, salt, and sawdust in a glass of water, the following things happen:

• Salt dissolves in water, meaning it breaks down into individual particles that are distributed evenly throughout the water.
• Sand sinks to the bottom of the glass, because it is denser than water and cannot float or dissolve in it.
• Sawdust floats on top of the water, because it is less dense than water and is able to remain suspended on the surface.

Explanation

• The process of separating solute and solvent from a mixture is generally referred to as Filtration.
• Filtration is used to separate an insoluble solid (solute) from a liquid (solvent) by passing the mixture through a filter.