Explanation

• A proton (+ charge) is located inside the nucleus of the atom.
• An electron (– charge) moves outside the nucleus in energy levels.
• Proton is also much heavier than an electron.

Last verified on 25-05-2026

Explanation

• Natural gas contains about 80% to 95% methane.
• It is a hydrocarbon fuel.
• It is the chief (major) component of natural gas.
• It is also a greenhouse gas.
• Chemical formula: CH₄
• It is a clean-burning fuel used in daily life.

Last verified on 07-05-2026

Explanation

• Isotopes are atoms of the same element.
• They have the same number of protons but different neutrons.
• Due to different neutrons, their mass numbers differ.
• Example: Carbon-12, Carbon-13, Carbon-14.
• They show same chemical properties but different physical properties.

Last verified on 24-05-2026

Explanation

• Gamma rays have the highest penetrating power among these particles.
• Due to their lack of mass and charge.
• It allowing them to pass through most materials.

Additional information:

• Alpha radiation has the lowest penetrating power.

Last verified on 12-04-2026

Explanation

The charges of Proton, Electron, Neutron respectively are:

• Proton: Positive charge (+1)
• Electron: Negative charge (-1)
• Neutron: Neutral charge (0)

Last verified on 24-05-2026

Explanation

• Isobars are atoms of different elements with the same mass number.
• They have different atomic numbers (protons).
• They represent different chemical elements but equal total nucleons.
• The concept of isobars was introduced in nuclear chemistry.
• It studies by Alfred Walter Stewart.
• Also later refined by Frederick Soddy.

Last verified on 24-05-2026

Explanation

• Electrons are negatively charged particles outside the nucleus.
• They move in energy levels (shells) around the nucleus.
• Chemical bonding occurs due to sharing or transfer of electrons.
• Protons and neutrons remain inside the nucleus.

Last verified on 24-05-2026

Explanation

• Alpha decay is a type of radioactive decay of heavy nuclei.
• In this process, an alpha particle (⁴₂He) is emitted.
• The nucleus loses 2 protons and 2 neutrons.
• This reduces both mass number and atomic number.
• It commonly occurs in very heavy elements like uranium.

Last verified on 22-05-2026

Explanation

• Atoms of the same element always have the same atomic number.
• When they differ in the number of neutrons, they are called isotopes.
• Isotopes have similar chemical properties but different masses.
• The concept of isotopes was developed in the early 20th century.

Last verified on 22-05-2026

Explanation

• Atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• Protons and neutrons are heavy particles located in the nucleus.
• Electrons are very light compared to protons.
• Electron mass is almost negligible in atomic calculations.
• That is why electron is considered the lightest fundamental particle in this context.

Last verified on 22-05-2026