Explanation

• Bases are substances that have a soapy or slippery feel when touched.
• This property occurs because bases react with oils on the skin, giving a soap-like texture.
• Many bases also turn red litmus paper blue in chemical tests.
• Common bases are used in cleaning agents, soaps, and detergents.

Last verified on 16-03-2026

Explanation

• Sonorousness is the property of metals that allows them to produce a ringing sound when struck.
• Because of this property, metals are used to make bells, gongs, and musical instruments.
• Metals like bronze and brass produce clear sounds when vibrated.
• This is why metallic materials are preferred in musical sound-producing objects.

Last verified on 16-03-2026

Explanation

• Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. 
• It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with a reddish-orange color.

The some major elements with their symbols:

• Hydrogen - H
• Sodium - Na
• Carbon - C
• Nitrogen - N
• Oxygen - O
• Fluorine - F
• Chlorine - Cl
• Potassium - K
• Helium - He
• Neon - Ne
• Calcium - Ca
• Sulphur - S
• Phosphorus - P
• Aluminium - Al
• Magnesium - Mg
• Iron - Fe

Last verified on 16-03-2026

Explanation

• A solid has both a definite shape and a definite volume.
• The particles in solids are tightly packed and only vibrate in fixed positions.
• Examples include iron, wood, stone, and ice.

Additional information:

• A liquid has a definite volume but no definite shape.
• A gas has neither definite shape nor definite volume.

Explanation

• Silicon oxide is commonly known as silica or silica sand
• It is the primary component of sand, quartz, and glass.

Explanation

• An anion is a negative charge (or negatively charged ion).
• The 'n' in anion stands for negative
• Formed when non-metal gains electrons.
• They gain one or more than one electron.
• Formation: Gained electrons.
• Attracted to the anode (positively charged electrode).
• Generally larger than their parent atoms. 

____

Cations are ions that are positively charged

Last updated 15-03-2026

Explanation

• Steel is an alloy made by combining iron (Fe) with carbon (C).
• Carbon strengthens the iron.
• This making it harder and more durable for construction and tools.

Additional information:

• Brass – Copper + Zinc
• Bronze – Copper + Tin
• Stainless steel – Steel + Chromium + Nickel

Last verified on 15-03-2026

Explanation

• Nitrogen (N2) makes up about 78% of the Earth's atmosphere.
• Making it the most abundant gas in the atmosphere.
• It is followed by oxygen (~21%), with other gases in much smaller amounts.

Last verified on 15-03-2026

Explanation

The atomic number (proton number) determines the element.

Both X (₁₉) and Y (₁₉) have the same proton number 19, so they represent the same element but different isotopes.

• ⁴⁰₁₉X → Proton number = 19, Mass number = 40
• ³⁹₁₉Y → Proton number = 19, Mass number = 39
• ³⁸₂₀Z → Proton number = 20, Mass number = 38

Last verified on 15-03-2026

Explanation

• Phosphorus molecule naturally exists as P₄.
• It means one molecule contains four phosphorus atoms bonded together.
• This form is commonly found in white phosphorus, where the atoms form a tetrahedral structure.

Additional information:

• O₂ – Oxygen molecule
• N₂ – Nitrogen molecule
• H₂ – Hydrogen molecule
• Cl₂ – Chlorine molecule

Last verified on 15-03-2026