Explanation

- Buffer reaction: NH₄⁺ + OH⁻ ⇌ NH₄OH  

- Adding H⁺ reacts with OH⁻ to form water, reducing OH⁻ concentration.  

- To restore balance, the equilibrium shifts forward to produce more OH⁻, neutralizing added H⁺.

Explanation

A basic buffer consists of a weak base and its salt.  

- NH₄OH is a weak base; NH₄Cl is its salt.  

- So, NH₄OH/NH₄Cl is a basic buffer.

Explanation

- According to the ideal gas law, at absolute zero, temperature = 0 K.  

- Pressure is proportional to temperature (P ∝ T).  

- So, pressure (P) = 0 atm at −273°C.

Explanation

- PVC is made from repeating vinyl chloride monomers (all the same type).  

- It softens on heating and can be reshaped.  

- Hence, PVC is a thermoplastic polymer.

Explanation

- Ag⁺ has the highest reduction potential, so it reduces easiest.  

- Then Cu²⁺, followed by H⁺ (which has lower reduction potential).

Explanation

- l defines the shape (s, p, d, f orbitals).  

- n defines the energy level,  

- m defines orientation,  

- s defines spin.

Explanation

The final equation representing the rate of reaction in terms of concentration is known as the rate law, rate equation, or rate expression. This law typically takes the form Rate = k[A]^m[B]^n, where k is the rate constant, [A] and [B] are reactant concentrations, and m and n are reaction orders determined experimentally.

Explanation

- It involves the combination of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol with the elimination of water (a small molecule), which defines a condensation reaction.  

- It’s not substitution, elimination, or dehydrogenation.

Explanation

- The sp hybridization results in a higher s-character (50%), which holds the negative charge more closely and stabilizes the conjugate base (acetylide ion), making terminal alkynes acidic.  

- sp² and sp³ carbons have lower s-character and are less acidic.  

- Hydrogen bonding is not the reason here.

Explanation

- Vapor pressure increases with volatility and decreases with molecular weight and stronger intermolecular forces.  

- Isopentane (a branched alkane) is more volatile than straight-chain hexane and polar compounds like acetone and acetaldehyde, so it has the highest vapor pressure.