Explanation

Sodium reacts vigorously with water to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.

This shows sodium can displace hydrogen from water.

Explanation

Alkali metals (like sodium, potassium, lithium, etc.) are highly reactive, especially with water and oxygen.

Because of this high reactivity, they cannot exist freely in nature — they are always found in the form of compounds (e.g., NaCl, KCl).

Explanation

Periods in the periodic table are horizontal rows (left to right).

There are 7 periods in total.

Explanation

Chloroform, or trichloromethane, is an organic compound with the formula CHCl₃.

It is a colorless, sweet-smelling, dense liquid that is produced on a large scale as a precursor to PTFE.

Explanation

The chemical formula CaO represents calcium oxide

Composition:

It consists of one calcium (Ca) cation and one oxygen (O) anion. 

Properties:

It is an alkaline, ionic compound. 

Common Names:

Known as quicklime, lime, or calcia. 

Formation:

It is produced by heating calcium carbonate (limestone) in a kiln. 

Uses:

Found in construction materials, agriculture (as a fertilizer), and the paper industry. 

Explanation

An alkaline substance has a pH greater than 7.

The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, where 7 is neutral, and values above 7 indicate increasing alkalinity.

Common examples of alkaline substances include seawater and soapy water,

Bleach is a strongly alkaline substance with a pH of around 13.  

Explanation

Water reaches its maximum density at approximately 4° Celsius (39.2° Fahrenheit).

This unusual behavior is due to the hydrogen bonds in water, which cause molecules to pack more closely together, increasing density.

Below this temperature, the hydrogen bonds weaken,
And the molecules begin to spread out, decreasing the density as water expands and forms ice. 

Explanation

- Nitrogen (N) = 14  

- Hydrogen (H) = 1 × 3 = 3  

- Total = 14 + 3 = 17

Explanation

Vegetable oil + Sulphur dioxide → Margarine

- Vegetable oil is hydrogenated in the presence of catalysts.  

- Sulphur dioxide (SO₂) acts as a preservative in the margarine-making process.  

- The final product: Margarine — a butter substitute used in cooking and baking.

Explanation

- The Haber process combines 1 part nitrogen (N₂) and 3 parts hydrogen (H₂) to form ammonia (NH₃).  

- Balanced reaction: N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃