Explanation

• The punishment for doctors may be extended to five years with fine
  

Explanation

• The appearance of red, swollen, nasal mucosa from allergy to ragweed pollen has been mediated by: Histamine
• ***
• During allergic reactions, basophils release two enzymes, histamine, and heparin.
• Mast cells are multifunctional bone marrow-derived tissue-dwelling cells that are the major producer of histamine in the body During allergic reactions.
  
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Explanation

• Anticoagulant of choice for coagulation test 3.5% Sodium Citrate
• ***
• The actual value of Sodium Citrate should be 3.13% to 3.5%
• ***
• EDTA is useful for hematologic tests because it preserves blood cells better than other similar agents,
• whereas sodium citrate is useful as a coagulation test agent since factors V and VIII are more stable in this substance
  

Explanation

• if carbamazepine is prescribed one should monitor Renal Function Tests
• ***
• Carbamazepine is a medicine used for Epilepsy treatment.
  

Explanation

flumazenil is used to reverse the effect of Benzodiazepine.

Explanation

• Ephedrine blocks which receptors:  Both Alpha & Beta
• ***
• Ephedrine is a synthetic non catecholamine agonist at α, β1, and β2 receptors with both direct and indirect actions.
• Ephedrine is given as an intravenous bolus of 5 to 10 mg.
• It is effective in the same dose range when administered intramuscularly, albeit with slower onset and longer duration.
  

Explanation

• Medicine must be discarded if it Changes Colour significantly
• ***
• The expiry date of every medicine should be checked before use.
• ***

Explanation

• Phase II reactions consist of adding hydrophilic groups to the original molecule,
• a toxic intermediate
• or a nontoxic metabolite formed in phase I,
• that requires further transformation to increase its polarity.
• These reactions include
• conjugation reactions,
• glucuronidation,
• acetylation, and
• sulfation.
  

Explanation

Albert Bruce Sabin was a Polish American medical researcher.

Known for developing the oral polio vaccine which has played a key role in nearly eradicating the disease.

Explanation

This wire is called a filament.

The filament is the part of the light bulb that produces light.

Filaments in incandescent light bulbs are made of tungsten

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FIA VU CONSTABLE PAST PAPER 2021