Explanation

Calculating the radius of the earth over a thousand years ago required a lot of imagination.

The 10th-century Persian mathematician Abu Rayhan al-Biruni used simple trigonometric results to estimate the radius and circumference of the Earth

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Explanation

Santorio Santorio, an Italian physician, invented the first thermoscope (early form of thermometer) around 1612.

He later developed an electrical thermometer, laying the groundwork for future temperature-measuring devices.

Explanation

Discoverer: Dmitri Mendeleev, a Russian chemist.

- Year: 1869

Explanation

Gregor Mendel (from Austria) is called the Father of Genetics for his experiments on pea plants.

He discovered the basic principles of heredity and inheritance through his work.

Explanation

In the early 1950s, the first successful vaccine was created by US physician Jonas Salk.

Salk tested his experimental killed-virus vaccine on himself and his family in 1953

First used Salk vaccine in 1955 ( in activated)

while 

A live attenuated (weakened) oral polio vaccine developed by Dr. Albert Sabin and first used in 1961.

Israel launched a polio vaccine drive after 1988 in April 2022.

Explanation

The theory of relativity usually encompasses two interrelated theories by Albert Einstein:

They were proposed and published in 1905 and 1915

E =mc2

C in this equation, the velocity of light

Explanation

Bernoulli’s Principle explains that faster airflow over the wings creates lower pressure, producing lift that keeps the airplane in the air.

Explanation

Jabir bin Hayyān (Jabir ibn Hayyan), known as the father of early chemistry,

He was credited with the first preparation of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) in the Islamic Golden Age

Explanation

 Henry Cavendish discovered the composition of water, establishing the basis for its chemical equation H2O

 This discovery was made through experiments conducted in 1781, with the results published in 1784. 

Explanation

Ernest Rutherford (1911) proposed the nuclear model of the atom with a dense central nucleus.

This came after his gold foil experiment, which showed atoms have a small, positively charged core.

He was a New Zealand-born British physicist who came to be known as the father of nuclear physics.