Explanation

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a large molecule made up of smaller units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of:

• A sugar molecule (deoxyribose)
• A phosphate group
• One of four nitrogenous bases: Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Thymine (T)

Explanation

• Mitosis is a process of cell division that results in the production of two daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
• This process is essential for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction in living organisms.

Explanation

• Telophase is the stage of mitosis where chromosomes reach their respective poles.
• During Telophase, the nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes, and the chromosomes uncoil into chromatin.

Explanation

• During Anaphase, the contraction of spindle fibers takes place, resulting in the separation of sister chromatids and their movement towards opposite poles of the cell.
• This stage is characterized by the pulling apart of the sister chromatids, ensuring each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.

Explanation

• During Metaphase, the chromosomes align at the center of the cell, attached to the spindle fibers formed by the centrioles (also known as microtubules).
• This is the stage where the chromosomes are connected to the spindle fibers, preparing for separation.

Explanation

• During Prophase, the chromatin condenses and becomes visible as chromosomes.
• This is the stage where the chromatin becomes thickened, shortened, and organized into visible chromosomes.

Explanation

Chromosomes are made up of:

• Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
• Proteins (histones and non-histone proteins)

Explanation

• The nucleus is responsible for cell division because it contains chromosomes, which are made up of DNA and proteins.
• Chromosomes carry the genetic information necessary for cell division, growth, and function.

Explanation

• Meiosis is the process by which sex cells (sperm and egg cells) are divided and gametes are formed during reproduction in humans.
• Meiosis involves two successive cell divisions (meiosis I and meiosis II) that result in four non-identical daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Explanation

• Chromosomes are thread-like structures made up of DNA and proteins that carry genetic information from one generation to the next.
• They are found in the nucleus of living cells and play a crucial role in inheritance and genetic diversity.