Explanation

• A Voice Response Unit (VRU) is an output device that produces an audio response using words or messages recorded on a magnetic medium.
• It converts stored voice messages into audible output for the user.

Additional information:

• Voice Recognition Unit is an input device used to recognize spoken words.
• Magnetic tape is a storage medium.

Last verified on 07-08-2026

Explanation

• The Operating System is built directly on the hardware.
• It acts as an interface between the computer hardware and application software.
• The OS manages resources such as the CPU, memory, storage, and input/output devices.
• Application software runs on top of the operating system.
• Examples of operating systems include Windows, Linux, macOS, and Android.

Last verified on 07-08-2026

Explanation

• Diagnostic software is used to detect, identify, and troubleshoot problems in a computer system.
• It can check hardware and software for errors or faults.
• Common examples include memory diagnostics, disk-checking, and system diagnostic tools.

Additional information:

• Utility software → Performs maintenance and optimization tasks.

Explanation

• Supercomputers are designed for maximum computational speed and complex calculations.
• Mainframe computers are designed to process huge volumes of data and support many users/tasks simultaneously.
• Supercomputers are commonly used in weather forecasting, scientific research, simulations, and space research.
• Mainframes are widely used in banking, airlines, government systems, and large organizations.

Last verified on 07-08-2026

Explanation

• Read-Only Memory stores data/instructions that are traditionally written during manufacturing.
• ROM is non-volatile.
• So its contents remain stored even when power is switched off.

Additional information:

• RAM is temporary working memory.
• It is volatile.
• Cache is high-speed memory used to speed up CPU access to frequently used data.

Last verified on 07-08-2026

Explanation

• Portrait and Landscape are the two main page orientation options in MS Word.
• Portrait means the page is taller than it is wide.
• Landscape means the page is wider than it is tall.
• Orientation determines the direction in which the page is displayed or printed.
• It can be changed from the Layout tab in MS Word.

Last verified on 07-08-2026

Explanation

• A VDU (Visual Display Unit) is an output peripheral device.
• It displays information such as text, images, and graphics from a computer.
• A VDU is commonly associated with a computer monitor/display.

Last verified on 07-08-2026

Explanation

If a question lacks sufficient information to reach a definitive conclusion is "Data inadequate" or "Cannot be determined". 

Explanation

• Data transfer between computers is carried out through communication protocols.
• A protocol is a set of rules that allows computers to communicate and exchange data.
• Common network protocols ensure reliable and secure communication.
• Protocols are essential for the Internet and computer networks.

Last verified on 04-08-2026

Explanation

• An Operating System manages and controls all computer hardware and software resources.
• It acts as an interface between the user and the computer hardware.
• The OS manages memory, files, devices, and running programs.
• Without an Operating System, a computer cannot function properly for users.
• Common operating systems include Windows, Linux, and macOS.

Last verified on 04-08-2026