Explanation

• Cybercrime is any criminal activity that uses a computer, network, or networked device.

Additional information:

• Fraud: Cybercriminals can use computers to commit fraud, such as credit card fraud
• Identity theft: Cybercriminals can steal identities
• Child pornography: Cybercriminals can traffic in child pornography
• Intellectual property theft: Cybercriminals can steal intellectual property
• Phishing: Cybercriminals can send fraudulent emails to collect sensitive information
• Denial of service attacks: Cybercriminals can launch denial of service attacks (DDOS)
• Cyberterrorism: Cybercriminals can commit cyberterrorism

Last verified on 19-07-2026

Explanation

• Ransomware is malware that encrypts or blocks a user's files and demands a ransom payment to restore access.
• It is one of the most dangerous forms of cyberattacks.
• Victims are usually asked to pay money, often in cryptocurrency.
• Files remain inaccessible until they are decrypted.
• Regular backups help reduce the impact of ransomware attacks.

Last verified on 18-07-2026

Explanation

• The main purpose of DNS (Domain Name System) is to translate domain names into IP addresses.
• It works like an internet phonebook.
• It helps users access websites using easy names instead of numeric IPs.
• Example: google.com → 142.250.190.14

Last verified on 09-06-2026

Explanation

• Merge Sort has the best worst-case time complexity: O(n log n).
• It uses the Divide and Conquer technique.
• It divides the array into smaller parts, sorts them, and then merges them.

Additional information:

• Bubble Sort: O(n²)
• Selection Sort: O(n²)
• Insertion Sort: O(n²) (worst case)
• Quick Sort: O(n²) (worst case), O(n log n) (average)

Last verified on 18-07-2026

Explanation

To convert 45 to binary:

45 ÷ 2 = 22 remainder 1

22 ÷ 2 = 11 remainder 0

11 ÷ 2 = 5 remainder 1

5 ÷ 2 = 2 remainder 1

2 ÷ 2 = 1 remainder 0

1 ÷ 2 = 0 remainder 1

Reading remainders from bottom to top: 101101

Therefore, 45 in binary = 101101.

Last verified on 18-07-2026

Explanation

• The Transport Layer is responsible for end-to-end communication and error recovery in the OSI model.
• It is Layer 4 of the 7-layer OSI model.
• It ensures reliable data delivery between sender and receiver.
• It performs error recovery, flow control, and data segmentation.
• Common protocols are TCP and UDP.

Last verified on 18-07-2026

Explanation

• A Stack follows the LIFO (Last In, First Out) principle.
• The last element added to the stack is the first one to be removed.
• Elements are inserted using Push and removed using Pop operations.
• Stacks are commonly used in function calls and expression evaluation.
• It is a linear data structure.

Last verified on 10-06-2026

Explanation

Explanation

• 101.10111 is not binary number.
• Because it is a decimal number in scientific notation.
• In binary, the only digits used are 0 and 1.

Last verified on 18-07-2026

Explanation

• The Thesaurus tool in MS Word is used to find synonyms and antonyms of words.
• Shortcut Key: Shift + F7
• Location: Review tab → Thesaurus

Last verified on 18-07-2026