Explanation

Explanation

Application Programs

These provide specific user-oriented services (e.g., word processing, web browsing, gaming) that are not included in the operating system’s core functions.

Language Translators

These are part of system software (e.g., compilers, interpreters) and assist in converting high-level programming code into machine-readable code.

Operating System

It provides essential core services such as memory management, file handling, and process scheduling.

Utility Programs

These support the operating system in system maintenance tasks, such as antivirus scanning, disk cleanup, and backup operations.

Explanation

Optical media such as compact discs (CDs) and digital versatile discs (DVDs).

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There are two types of storage devices used with computers:

A primary storage device, such as RAM,

and A secondary storage device, such as a hard drive.

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The most common type of storage devices are___?

Explanation

The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is the part of the CPU.

It performs all arithmetic calculations (like addition, subtraction) and logical operations (like AND, OR, NOT).

Explanation

(10000011)₂ = 1 × 2⁷ + 0 × 2⁶ + 0 × 2⁵ + 0 × 2⁴ + 0 × 2³ + 0 × 2² + 1 × 2¹ + 1 × 2⁰

= 128 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 1

= 131

Explanation

Let’s convert (128)₁₀ to binary step by step:

128 ÷ 2 = 64 remainder 0

64 ÷ 2 = 32 remainder 0

32 ÷ 2 = 16 remainder 0

16 ÷ 2 = 8 remainder 0

8 ÷ 2 = 4 remainder 0

4 ÷ 2 = 2 remainder 0

2 ÷ 2 = 1 remainder 0

1 ÷ 2 = 0 remainder 1

Reading remainders upward → 10000000

Decimal 128 equals binary 10000000.

Explanation

The decimal system is base 10, using digits 0–9.

Base 8 → Octal number system (digits 0–7).

Base 16 → Hexadecimal number system (digits 0–9, A–F).

Base 4 → Quaternary number system (digits 0–3).

Explanation

1 nanosecond = 10⁻⁹ seconds (billionth of a second).

Nano prefix denotes a factor of one-billionth.

Explanation

Binary to Decimal Conversion

(11111)₂ = 1×2⁴ + 1×2³ + 1×2² + 1×2¹ + 1×2⁰

= 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1

= 31

Explanation