Explanation

• The product of mass and velocity is known as momentum. P = MV
• If m is an object's mass and v is its velocity (also a vector quantity), then the object's momentum p is: p=mv
• It is a vector quantity.
• It having both magnitude and direction.
• Common symbols: p, p
• SI unit: kg⋅m⋅s−1
• Dimension MLT^−1

Last updated on 09-03-2026

Explanation

• Water has maximum density at 4°C.
• When Water is in its Solid form (Ice) below 0°C.

Last verified on 27-10-2026

Explanation

Oxidation is the chemical process of:

• Losing electrons
• Oxidation state increases
• Always paired with reduction (together form redox)
• Reducing agent gets oxidized (it gives up the electrons)

Additional information 

Reduction:

• Gain electrons
• Oxidation state lowers
• Always paired with oxidation (redox)
• Oxidizing agent gets reduced

Last verified on 22-10-2026

Explanation

Explanation

• The smallest unit of matter is an atom.

Structure of an Atom

• Nucleus: The central part made of heavy protons and neutrons.
• Electrons: Tiny, light particles that circle the nucleus.
• Protons: Particles with a positive charge.
• Neutrons: Particles with no electrical charge

Explanation

• Mercury is the only elemental metal that at room temperature is Liquid.
• Mercury (Hg) is the only metal that remains liquid at room temperature (about 25°C).

Additional information:

• Chemical Symbol: Hg
• Atomic Number: 80
• Melting Point: −38.83°C
• Boiling Point: 356.73°C

Last verified on 20-07-2026

Explanation

• Lead pencil is made up of graphite.
• Graphite is a form (allotrope) of carbon.
• It is soft and leaves marks on paper easily.
• It is used in pencils because of its slippery layered structure.
• Despite the name “lead pencil,” it contains no real lead.
• Graphite was named by Abraham Gottlob Werner in 1789.

Last verified on 21-06-2026

Explanation

• Diamond is a naturally occurring allotropic form of carbon.
• Allotropy means a single element can exist in more than one form with different structures and properties.
• It is extremely hard.
• It has a high melting point.
• It is widely used in jewelry and cutting tools.

Additional information:

• Graphite – soft, good conductor
• Fullerenes (C60) – spherical molecules
• Carbon nanotubes – tubular, high strength
• Amorphous carbon – coal, soot
• Lonsdaleite – hexagonal diamond

Last verified on 17-01-2026

Explanation

• Zinc is commonly used in toothpaste.
• Because it helps reduce bacterial growth and controls bad breath.
• Zinc compounds (like zinc citrate or zinc chloride) kill or inhibit oral bacteria.
• It also helps reduce plaque formation.
• This improves overall oral hygiene.

Last verified on 14-06-2026

Explanation

• The hardest substance in the world is diamond.
• Its hardness is due to the strong covalent bonding between its carbon atoms.
• This making it the most resistant to scratching.

Additional information:

• Category: Native minerals
• Cleavage: 111 (perfect in four directions)
• Crystal class: Hexoctahedral (m3m); H-M symbol: (4/m 3 2/m)
• Crystal habit: Octahedral
• Crystal system: Cubic
• Dana classification: 1.3.6.1
• Density: 3.5–3.53 g/cm3 3500–3530 kg/m3

Last verified on 07-06-2026