Explanation

The poem that Allama Iqbal wrote in memory of his mother is titled Walida Marhooma Ki Yaad Mein.

This translates to "In the Memory of the Late Mother."

The poem is part of his larger collection of Urdu poetry, Bang-e-Dara, which was published in 1924.

Iqbal's mother, Imam Bibi, passed away on November 9, 1914, while he was studying abroad.

Explanation

The Indus Waters Treaty disallowed Pakistan from using the water of the Sutlej river.

The treaty, brokered by the World Bank in 1960, divided the six rivers of the Indus Basin between India and Pakistan. 

Eastern Rivers (allocated to India): Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej

Western Rivers (allocated to Pakistan): Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab

Explanation

After Ghulam Muhammad was removed from his post due to illness, Iskander Mirza became the Governor-General of Pakistan.

Mirza took office in August 1955, and held the position until March 1956.

When Pakistan's first constitution was adopted in 1956, the role of Governor-General was replaced by the President, and Mirza became the first President of Pakistan. 

Explanation

The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 was the second conflict between the two countries over the disputed state of Jammu and Kashmir.

He initiated the war with Operation Gibraltar, an infiltration of Pakistani-trained fighters into Jammu and Kashmir on August 5, 1965.

Ayub Khan had defeated his opponent, Fatima Jinnah, in the presidential election that took place on January 2, 1965, just months before the war began. 

Explanation

Ayub Khan’s era (1958–1969) is considered the starting point of large-scale, systematic election rigging in Pakistan.

His Basic Democracies system and the 1965 presidential election against Fatima Jinnah are often cited as the first major examples of state-controlled manipulation.

Explanation

Explanation

During the partition of Punjab in 1947, India was granted a land link road to Kashmir via Gurdaspur.

Gurdaspur is a city in the Indian state of Punjab, between the rivers Beas and Ravi.

The headquarters of Gurdaspur District

Gurdaspur is in the geographical center of the district, which shares a border with Pakistan.

Gurdaspur City was named after Mahant Guriya das ji.

Explanation

The period of 1954 to 1962 in Pakistan is known as the era of Alliances.

An alliance, in international relations, is a formal agreement between two or more states for mutual support in case of war.

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Pakistan – Era Of Alliances (1954 -1962)

Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement (1954)

Pakistan joined SEATO (South East Asian Treaty Organization) in 1954

Colombo Conference (1954)

CENTO (Central Treaty Organization) in 1955.

 Bandung Conference 1955

Explanation

General Pervez Musharraf seized power in October 1999 and resigned in August 2008.

His rule lasted for about 9 years, covering both military and presidential authority.

Explanation