Explanation

On 23 January 2023, a national grid frequency fluctuation caused a massive blackout affecting 220 million people in Pakistan.

The outage was due to faulty grid synchronization during energy-saving shutdowns, leading to unstable frequency (~50.75 Hz) and a 12-hour power collapse.

Explanation

In 2023, Pakistan entered into a long‑term commercial agreement with Russia to import crude oil at a discounted rate (approximately $60/barrel, around $10 under market price).

The first agreed cargo of ~100,000 metric tonnes began arriving in late 2023, with Pakistani refineries.

Such as Cnergyico and Pakistan Refinery Limited—receiving the shipment and refining the oil locally.

Explanation

The 'Enhanced Partnership with Pakistan Act of 2009

also known as the Kerry-Lugar-Berman Act

It was passed by the US Congress on 24 September and signed by President Obama on 15 October.

This bill provides Pakistan with a non-military aid package of US$1.5 billion annually, for the next five years

It was proposed by Senators John Kerry (D-Massachusetts) and Richard Lugar (R-Indiana).

Explanation

The Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, visited Pakistan for the first time in March 1950.

This visit strengthened Pakistan-Iran diplomatic relations, leading to future alliances like RCD (1964) and ECO (1985).

Explanation

After independence in 1947, Hindu teachers were still in majority in East Pakistan, especially in educational institutions.

This was due to the historical dominance of Hindus in the education sector before partition, and many continued until migration increased later.

Explanation

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto served as the President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973.

After the 1973 Constitution made the Prime Minister the chief executive, he resigned as President and became the Prime Minister of Pakistan in August 1973.

Explanation

The oldest University of Sindh province is Sindh University Jamshoro.

It was initially established in Karachi in 1947 under the University of Sindh Act, 1947.

Later relocated to Jamshoro in 1951, becoming a full-fledged teaching university.

While Sindh Madressatul Islam was founded as a school in 1885 and became a college in 1943, it was granted university status much later in 2012.

Explanation

Arfa Karim (1995-2012) was a Pakistani student and computer prodigy.

She became the youngest Microsoft Certified Professional (MCP) at the age of 9 in 2004.

She was invited to visit Microsoft headquarters in Redmond, Washington, and met with Bill Gates.

Explanation

Inaugural two-day visit to meet King Salman of Saudi Arabia in Jeddah.

to discuss matters of regional and bilateral interest.

Khan also performed the Umrah in Mecca and visited the Prophet's Mosque in Medina.

Date: 18–19 September 2018

Explanation

Tahreek-e-Niswan:

Founded in 1979 by Sheema Kermani, a renowned Pakistani dancer, activist, and feminist.

Focuses on women’s rights, gender equality, and cultural activism through theater and grassroots campaigns.