Explanation

• The Partition of Bengal, implemented in 1905 by Lord Curzon.
• It was formally annulled in 1911. 
• He divided Bengal into two provinces on 16-10-1905.

The province was divided into:

• West Bengal, which had a majority of Hindus,
• East Bengal, which had a majority of Muslims

Last verified on 30-03-2026

Explanation

• Main Basis: Religious, cultural, and social differences
• Proposed By: Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (early idea)
• Strengthened By: Allama Muhammad Iqbal and Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah
• Pakistan Created: 14 August 1947
• Purpose: To safeguard the identity and rights of Muslims of the Indian subcontinent

Verified & Updated

Explanation

• Three sessions were held in London from 1930 to 1932.
• Chaired by British PM Ramsay MacDonald. (from: 5 June 1929 – 7 June 1935)
• Discussed constitutional reforms in India.
• Led to the Government of India Act, 1935.

Additional information

• First Session (1930): Boycotted by the Indian National Congress.
• Second Session (1931): Mahatma Gandhi attended after the Gandhi-Irwin Pact.
• Third Session (1932): Poorly attended, boycotted by major parties.

Last updated 18-07-2026 by NA

Explanation

• Session Number: 44th Annual Session
• Date: December 29, 1929 – January 1, 1930
• President: Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
• Famously known for:
• passing the Purna Swaraj (total independence) resolution
• unfurling the tricolor flag on the banks of the Ravi River.

Additional information

The Indian National Congress (INC) held four major annual sessions in Lahore

• 9th Session (1893): Presided over by Dadabhai Naoroji.
• 16th Session (1900): Presided over by N.G. Chandavarkar.
• 25th Session (1909): Presided over by Madan Mohan Malaviya.
• 44th Session (1929): Presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru

Last updated 18-07-2026 by NA

Explanation

• Session Location: Lahore
• Date: December 19, 1929
• Presided over by Jawaharlal Nehruu
• Resolution: "Purna Swaraj" (Complete Independence)
• Historic Action: Tricolor flag hoisted on the banks of the Ravi River on December 31, 1929
• First Independence Day: Observed on January 26, 1930

Last updated 18-07-2026 by NA

Explanation

• Announcement: 17 August 1947, 5:00 PM
• Pakistan's Independence: 14 August 1947
• India's Independence: 15 August 1947
• Boundary Commissioner: Sir Cyril Radcliffe
• Purpose: To divide Punjab and Bengal between Pakistan and India

Last verified on 18-07-2026

Explanation

• Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (1703–1762) was a great Islamic scholar and reformer of the Mughal era.
• His real name was Qutubuddin Ahmad Syed.
• He was born on 21 February 1703 in Phulat (India) during the reign of Aurangzeb.
• He translated the Holy Quran into Persian for the first time in the subcontinent.
• He wrote about 51 books on Islam, society, and reforms.

Last verified on 02-04-2026

Explanation

• The first Satyagraha took place in 1906
• Location: Transvaal, South Africa
• Led a protest against the Asiatic Registration Ordinance. 

Additional information

• The first Satyagraha in India was the Champaran Satyagraha in 1917,
• The famous Salt Satyagraha (Dandi March).
• Satyagraha theory influenced Martin Luther King Jr.'s and James Bevel's campaigns
• During the Civil Rights Movement in the United States

Last updated by NA on 16-07-2026

Explanation

• The PNA started mass protests against the government of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.
• PNA stands for the  Pakistan National Alliance
• A political alliance of nine opposition parties
• Founded: 5 January 1977
• Dissolved: 24 January 1978
• Ideology: Conservatism, Capitalism
• Political position: Right-wing
• Colors: Green
• Slogan: Nizam-e-Mustafa (1977)

Last updated by NA on 16-07-2026

Explanation

• The historic "Poor Man's Budget" (1947-1948) was presented by Liaquat Ali Khan
• At that time Finance Member of the Interim Government of India
• He introduced this iconic, pro-poor budget on February 28, 1947

Last updated by NA on 16-07-2026