Explanation

• The creation of Pakistan was based on the idea that Muslims and Hindus were two separate nations with different beliefs and lifestyles.
• This is known as the Two-Nation Theory.
• It emphasized ideological, religious, and cultural differences rather than geography or economy.

Last verified on 23-05-2026

Explanation

• British India had a permanent structural divide between Hindus and Muslims in politics and representation.
• Muslims felt they would remain a permanent minority, unable to protect their rights.
• This perception strengthened the demand for a separate homeland.

Last verified on 23-05-2026

Explanation

• Muslim migrants to Pakistan: ~6.5 million
• Hindus/Sikhs migrated to India: ~5 to 6 million (approx.)
• Total displaced population: 10–15 million people
• Partition year: 1947
• Countries formed: India & Pakistan

Last verified on 17-05-2026

Explanation

• The Indian government's cash balance at the time of Partition was just under Rs 400 crore.
• Pakistan's share of this balance was fixed at Rs 75 crore.
• This amount of Rs 75 crore included Rs 20 crore that was made available to Pakistan immediately.

Last verified on 17-05-2026

Explanation

• Caliphate: Abbasid Caliphate
• Capital: Baghdad
• Start Year: 750 CE
• End Year: 1258 CE (February 10, 1258)
• Event: Mongol invasion of Baghdad
• Last Caliph: Al-Musta’sim Billah

Last verified on 16-05-2026

Explanation

• The Simla Deputation met the Viceroy of India on 1 October 1906.
• It was led by Sir Aga Khan III.
• The delegation consisted of about 35 members.
• First, the group met the Principal of Aligarh College (MAO College).
• The Principal arranged the meeting through Colonel Dunlop (Secretary to Viceroy), and then the delegation met Lord Minto.
• Since the meeting took place at Simla, it was called the Simla Deputation.

Last verified on 02-05-2026

Explanation

• Event: Second Round Table Conference
• Start Date: 7 September 1931
• End Date: 1 December 1931
• Location: London, United Kingdom
• Purpose: Constitutional reforms for British India

Additional information:

• 1st Conference: 12 November 1930 – 19 January 1931
• 3rd Conference: November – December 1932

Last verified on 16-05-2026

Explanation

• The Presidential address at the 1906 Dhaka meeting was delivered by Nawab Viqar-ul-Mulk.
• This meeting led to the establishment of the All India Muslim League.
• The session was part of the Muhammadan Educational Conference.
• Key figure who moved resolution: Nawab Salimullah Khan

Last verified on 16-05-2026

Explanation

• Year of establishment: 1906
• Place: Dhaka (now Bangladesh)
• Key figure: Nawab Salimullah Khan (Nawab of Dhaka)
• Event: Simla Deputation background led to political demand
• Purpose: Protect Muslim political rights in British India

Last verified on 16-05-2026

Explanation

• Sir Syed Ahmad Khan established the British Indian Association in Aligarh in 1866.
• The association's purpose was to convey the views of the Indian people to the British rulers. 

Last verified on 16-05-2026