Explanation

Brittle materials break suddenly under stress with very little plastic deformation.

Examples include glass, ceramics, and cast iron.

Brittleness = fracture with minimal deformation.

Explanation

Modulus of elasticity (Young’s modulus) measures a material’s stiffness under tensile or compressive stress.

It is the ratio of stress applied along the axis to the resulting strain in the same direction.

Modulus of elasticity = Axial stress / Axial strain.

Explanation

Moment of inertia (MOI) depends on the mass of the body, its shape, and the axis of rotation.

Angular velocity affects kinetic energy but does not influence MOI.

MOI is independent of the body’s angular velocity.

Explanation

Newton's first law of motion defines inertia. It states that an object at rest stays at rest,

And an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced external force.

This tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion is called inertia. 

Explanation

Quartz generates electric charge when mechanical stress is applied due to the piezoelectric effect.

It is widely used in sensors, oscillators, and timing devices.

Explanation

Sulphur forms manganese sulphide inclusions, which act as lubricants during cutting.

This reduces tool wear and improves the ease of machining steel.

Sulphur improves the machinability of steel.

Explanation

Silicon encourages carbon in cast iron to precipitate as graphite rather than combined carbide.

This improves machinability and reduces brittleness in cast iron.

Silicon promotes graphite formation in cast iron.

Explanation

Ductility is the ability of a material to be stretched into a wire without breaking.

Gold can be drawn into extremely thin wires, more so than tin, lead, or copper.

Gold has the highest ductility among common metals.

Explanation

In a simply supported beam, the bending moment is highest directly under the point of maximum load.

The position of maximum bending shifts toward the heavier load when the loads are unequal.

Maximum bending occurs beneath the heavier concentrated load.

Explanation

Impact strength measures the energy a material can absorb during sudden loading without fracturing.

It reflects both the strength and ductility of the material.

Higher impact strength indicates higher toughness.