Explanation

When the volume of a gas is held constant, increasing the temperature causes the pressure to increase,

While decreasing the temperature causes the pressure to decrease.

This direct relationship is described by Gay-Lussac's Law, which states that for a fixed volume,

The ratio of pressure to absolute temperature is constant. 

Explanation

• This core concept is known as Boyle's Law.

  • Relation: Pressure ∝ 1/Volume
  • Pressure ↑ → Volume ↓
  • Pressure ↓ → Volume ↑
  • They have an inverse relationship.
  • Formula: P_1V_1=P_2V_2
  • This means Pressure × Volume = Constant 

Explanation

Unit of torque: newton metre (N m)

Explanation

The SI unit of radioactivity is becquerel (Bq).

Curie is a non-SI unit, with 1 curie equal to 37 billion Bq.

Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay, radioactivity, radioactive disintegration, or nuclear disintegration)

It is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation.

Three of the most common types of decay are:

• Alpha
• Beta
• Gamma decay

Explanation

Summer Solstice happens once every year. 

Summer Solstice is on 21 June, also known as the longest day of the year.

22 December night is the longest night of the year.

Explanation

 In the second quadrant: sin is positive, cos and tan are negative.  

- So, the condition fits only in Quadrant II.

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Explanation

Definition: The period is the duration of a single oscillation. 

Symbol: It is typically represented by the letter 'T'. 

Units: The standard unit for a period is seconds. 

Relationship with Frequency: Period (T) and frequency (f) are inversely related, meaning: 

T = 1/f

f = 1/T 

Explanation

Centripetal force is the force that makes a body follow a curved path.

F = mv²/r

where F_c is the centripetal force,

m is the mass of the object,

v is the tangential velocity, 

r is the radius of the circular path

Explanation

- In transverse waves, the particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction in which the wave is traveling.

- Example: Light waves, waves on a string, water waves.

Explanation

V₂O₅ (Vanadium pentoxide) is used as a catalyst in the Contact Process, which is the industrial method for producing sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄).

- Haber Process: Used for ammonia synthesis, catalyst is typically iron (Fe).

- Contact Process: Produces sulfuric acid, uses V₂O₅ catalyst.

- Solvay Process: Produces sodium carbonate (washing soda), no V₂O₅.

- Ostwald Process: Converts ammonia to nitric acid, uses platinum catalyst.