Explanation

A galaxy is a gravitational system of stars, star remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter.

Earth: diameter of approximately 12,742 kilometers (7,918 miles)

The Sun: diameter of approximately 1,392,684 kilometers (865,374 miles)

Solar System: diameter of approximately 9.2 billion kilometers (5.7 billion miles)

Galaxy (Milky Way): diameter of approximately 100,000 to 200,000 light-years (9.461 × 10^17 to 1.884 × 10^18 kilometers)

Explanation

- Brewster’s angle is the angle of incidence at which reflected light becomes completely polarized.

- At this angle, the reflected and refracted rays are perpendicular to each other.

- It’s given by:  

  tan(θₚ) = n₂/n₁,  

  where θₚ is Brewster’s angle.

Explanation

In simple harmonic motion (SHM), the restoring force is given by:

F = -kx

Where:  

- F is the restoring force  

- k is the spring constant  

- x is the displacement from the equilibrium position  

The restoring force is minimum when displacement x = 0, i.e., at the equilibrium position.

Explanation

- In SHM, the restoring force always acts towards the equilibrium position, trying to bring the object back.

- Displacement is away from equilibrium, so they are in opposite directions.

- This relationship is given by F = -kx, where:

  - F = restoring force  

  - x = displacement  

  - – sign shows they are in opposite directions.

Explanation

- When half of the reactants are converted to products, the concentration of products and reactants becomes equal at equilibrium.

- So, the numerator and denominator of the equilibrium expression are equal.

- Therefore, Kc = 1, which means the system is balanced between forward and reverse reactions.

Explanation

To find the energy stored in a capacitor, we use the formula:

E=1/2​CV^2

Where:

• $\mathrm{<br>}$

• $V=100\text{V}$

Calculation:

$$E = frac{1}{2} times 4 times 10^{-6} times (100)^2$$E=1/2​×4×10^−6×10000
E=2×10^−6×10000

$$=0.02\text{J}$$

Explanation

Change in momentum = 20 − 5 = 15 kg·m/s

Time = 3 s → Force = 15 / 3 = 5 N

Explanation

Explanation

 Momentum: p = mv  

Kinetic energy: KE = ½mv²

Set them equal:  

mv = ½mv²

Cancel m (mass ≠ 0):  

v = ½v²

Divide both sides by v (v ≠ 0):  

1 = ½v  

⇒ v = 2 m/s

Explanation

A Wheatstone bridge is an electrical circuit designed to measure unknown resistance accurately.

It works by comparing it with the known resistances in a balanced condition.