Explanation

James Watt, a Scottish engineer, patented improvements to the steam engine in 1781.

He significantly enhancing its efficiency and power, and revolutionizing industry and transportation.

Explanation

Ibn al Haytham is known as the Father of Optics.

His contributions to the field of optics through his monumental seven-volume work, Kitab al-Manazir (Book of Optics), compiled between 1011-1021 AD.

Explanation

Thomas Savery is considered the inventor of the first commercially used steam-powered device.

In 1698, he patented a steam-powered pump designed to remove water from mines.

Explanation

• The speed of sound in air at 0°C (32°F) is 332 meters per second.

The speed of sound in different materials:

• Air: 332 m/s
• Sea water: 1530 m/s
• Lead: 2160 m/s
• Gold: 3240 m/s
• Brick: 3650 m/s
• Copper: 4760 m/s
• Glass: 5100 m/s
• Aluminium: 6420 m/s

Explanation

The standard meter and kilogram are made from an alloy of platinum and iridium to ensure durability and accuracy.

This alloy is used because it resists corrosion and retains its shape over time, crucial for precise measurement.

Explanation

The prefix "Tera" refers to 10^12.

It is commonly used to represent a trillion in the metric system (1,000,000,000,000).

Explanation

Sea caves are formed when sea waves erode the base of a cliff, creating deep depressions in the rock.

These caves are typically shaped by the continuous action of water eroding the rock over time.

Explanation

A mirage occurs when light bends due to varying air temperatures, causing total internal reflection.

This makes distant objects appear as if they are reflected in water, commonly seen in deserts.

Explanation

The critical angle for water (from water to air) is approximately 48.6°, rounded to 49°.

This is the angle of incidence above which total internal reflection occurs when light travels from water to air.

Explanation

Number of moons in the planets:

Mercury: 0

Venus: 0

Earth: 1

Mars: 2

Jupiter: 95

Saturn: 146

Uranus: 27

Neptune: 14