Explanation

Formula: Remaining Amount = Initial × (1/2)ⁿ

• After 1 half-life (8 days) → 10 mg becomes 5 mg.
• After 2 half-lives (16 days) → 10 mg becomes 2.5 mg.
• After 3 half-lives (24 days) → 10 mg becomes 1.25 mg.

Last verified on 22-02-2026

Explanation

Attenuation means reduction in power (strength) of light signal as it travels through an optical fiber.

It is mainly caused by:

• Absorption

• Scattering

• Bending losses

It is measured in decibels per kilometer (dB/km).

Last updated 15-feb-2026

Explanation

Multiple repeaters in a communication satellite are called transponders.

These devices are essential for receiving weak signals from Earth, amplifying them, changing their frequency, and retransmitting them back

Allowing the satellite to handle multiple communication channels simultaneously.

Last updated 15-feb-2026

Explanation

A complete graph is a type of graph in which every pair of distinct vertices (nodes) is connected by a unique edge.

If a graph has n nodes, a complete graph has n(n−1)/2 edges.

For example:

3 nodes → 3 edges

4 nodes → 6 edges

This ensures that all nodes are fully connected.

Last updated 15-feb-2026

Explanation

The RMS (Root Mean Square) value of an AC waveform is the effective or equivalent DC value that produces the same heating effect (power dissipation) in a resistor as the AC signal

 It is calculated as the square root of the mean of the squares of instantaneous values over one cycle.

For a sinusoidal AC wave:

• At 0°, the instantaneous value is zero (minimum).

• At 90°, the instantaneous value reaches its maximum.

Therefore, the RMS-related peak behavior corresponds to maximum at 90° and minimum at 0°.

Last updated 14-feb-2026

Explanation

Silicon is widely used in semiconductors because:

• It is abundant in nature.
• It has suitable electrical properties.
• It has excellent thermal stability.
• It forms a stable oxide layer (SiO₂) useful in device fabrication.

Note: Germanium was used earlier, and gallium nitride is used for high-power or high-frequency devices, but silicon remains the standard.

Last updated 14-feb-2026

Explanation

• Humidity means the amount of water vapor in air.
• It is measured using a psychrometer.
• A psychrometer has two thermometers: dry bulb and wet bulb.

Additional information:

• A psychrometer is a type of hygrometer.
• It helps in weather forecasting and climate studies.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

Non-renewable energy sources:

• Oil
  
• Nuclear energy
• Petroleum
• Natural gas & coal

Renewable sources of energy:

• Solar energy
• Wind energy
• Hydroelectric power
• Biomass energy
• Geothermal energy
• Tidal energy

Last verified on 11-02-2026

Explanation

• When a school boy uses only one strap, the entire weight of the bag rests on one shoulder.
• This increases pressure and strain on that shoulder compared to using two straps, where the weight is distributed evenly.

Last verified on 10-02-2026

Explanation

• Cooking utensils often have wooden handles because wood does not conduct heat well.
• This prevents burns and makes the utensil safe to hold even when the pot or pan is hot.

Last verified on 10-02-2026