Explanation

Silent ovulation is when ovulation occurs without visible behavioral signs of estrus in the female.

It often leads to unnoticed breeding cycles, affecting fertility management in animals.

Explanation

Dengue fever is caused by the dengue virus, which is transmitted by mosquitoes (arthropods), hence it is an arboviral disease.

It is specifically a viral disease spread by insect vectors.

Explanation

Blackleg is caused by Clostridium chauvoei, a bacterial infection that produces toxins leading to muscle necrosis.

It mainly affects young cattle.

It is characterized by sudden death and gas-filled swelling in muscles.

Explanation

Hemoglobinuria (presence of hemoglobin in urine due to intravascular hemolysis) is seen in:

Piroplasmosis (Babesiosis): Protozoan parasites destroy RBCs.

Bacillary hemoglobinuria (Caused by Clostridium haemolyticum): Toxins induce hemolysis.

Post-parturient hemoglobinuria (Nutritional): Hypophosphatemia leads to RBC fragility.

Exception

Black quarter (Caused by Clostridium chauvoei):

Primarily causes myonecrosis (muscle damage) and edema, not hemolysis or hemoglobinuria.

Key Point:

Black quarter affects muscles, while the others directly or indirectly cause RBC lysis.

Explanation

Gram staining is commonly used to identify Staphylococcus aureus, which appears as Gram-positive (purple) cocci in clusters.

This basic test helps differentiate it from other bacteria early in diagnosis.

Explanation

Buffaloes are more susceptible to Hemorrhagic Septicemia, a severe bacterial disease caused by Pasteurella multocida.

It leads to high fever, swelling in the throat region, and sudden death if untreated.

Explanation

Norepinephrine is the primary neurotransmitter released by postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system.

It prepares the body for "fight or flight" responses by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and alertness.

Explanation

In cows, the normal presentation during birth is anterior—forelimbs and head come out first.

This position ensures easier passage through the birth canal and reduces risk of complications.

Explanation

Most anesthetics enhance the action of GABA (an inhibitory neurotransmitter) by increasing Cl⁻ ion influx into neurons.

This hyperpolarizes the neuron, making it less excitable and leading to unconsciousness.

Explanation

Artemisinin is a specific anti-protozoan drug used primarily to treat malaria, a protozoal disease caused by Plasmodium species.

It works by producing free radicals that damage protozoan proteins and membranes.