Explanation

• The Mamluk (Slave) Dynasty was the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.
• It was founded by Qutb-ud-din Aibak in 1206 AD.

Additional information:

1. Mamluk Dynasty: 1206–1290
2. Khilji Dynasty: 1290–1320
3. Tughlaq Dynasty: 1320–1414
4. Sayyid Dynasty: 1414–1451
5. Lodi Dynasty: 1451–1526

Last verified on 05-10-2026

Explanation

• Karez is the irrigation system of Balochistan.
• This ancient method involves underground channels that transport water from aquifers to the surface.
• It providing a sustainable water supply in arid regions.

Last verified on 05-10-2026

Explanation

• General Sahir Shamshad Mirza is identified as the last CJCSC of Pakistan
• Role: He was the 18th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee.
• Tenure: 27 November 2022 – 27 November 2025

Explanation

• The Salt Range is situated south of the Pothohar Plateau.
• Southern edge of the Pothohar Plateau and north of the Jhelum River.

Additional information:

• Region: Northern Punjab
• Highest peak: Sakesar
• Highest elevation: About 1,522 m
• Important rivers: Soan and Jhelum
• Famous for: Large deposits of rock salt, especially the Khewra Salt Mine.

Last verified on 05-10-2026

Explanation

• Major minerals: Copper and Gold
• Location: Chagai District, Balochistan
• Project: Reko Diq Mining Project
• Region: Tethyan Magmatic Belt
• Significance: One of the world's major undeveloped copper-gold deposits.

Last verified on 04-10-2026

Explanation

In October 2026, Pakistan launched National Mental Health Policy for 2026-35.

Launched on the occasion of Pakistan’s Global Mental Health Summit

With the purpose to reach over 32.4 million people in need of mental health care

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Explanation

Pakistan carried out airstrikes in Afghanistan on October 1, 2026, targeting locations in Helmand and Kunar provinces.

Groups like the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) use Afghan territory to launch attacks inside Pakistan.

Operation Name: Operation Ghazab lil-Haq

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Explanation

• China — North‑northeast (around 559–595 km)
• Afghanistan — Northwest (~2,400 km+)
• India — East (~2,900 km+)
• Iran — West (~900 km)
• Arabian Sea — South (~1,046 km)

Last verified on 19-03-2026

Explanation

• 1 January 1949: Ceasefire came into effect.

Additional information:

• 1947: First Kashmir War began.
• 1948: United Nations became involved in the Kashmir dispute.
• 27 July 1949: Karachi Agreement established the Ceasefire Line.
• 1972: Simla Agreement → Ceasefire Line renamed Line of Control (LoC).

Last verified on 04-10-2026

Explanation

• The Mughal Emperor who promulgated a new faith entitled “Din-E-Elahi” in 1581 AD was Akbar.

Additional information:

Akbar (1556-1605):

• Emperor Akbar founded the city in by the name of "ILLAHABAS" which later became ALLAHABAD.

• He introduced the new religion as Din-i-llahi.

• He introduced the Mansabdari system.

• Akbar defeated Hemu in the second battle of Panipat.

• He built Ibadat Khana in Fatehpur Sikri.

• He followed the policy of Sulh-i-Kul.

Last verified on 04-10-2026