Explanation

• Invader: Nadir Shah (Persian ruler).
• Mughal Emperor: Muhammad Shah.
• Muhammad Shah's reign: 1719–1748.
• Battle: Battle of Karnal.
• Date of Battle: 24 February 1739.
• Result: Nadir Shah defeated the Mughal army.
• Delhi occupation: Nadir Shah entered Delhi in March 1739.
• Famous loot: The Peacock Throne and the Koh-i-Noor diamond were taken to Persia.

Last updated on 30 Oct 2026

Explanation

• The Taj Mahal was built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan
• In memory of his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal.
•  Located in the city of Agra 
• State: Uttar Pradesh
• River: Yamuna River
• Construction Started: 1632
• Construction Completed: 1647
• Height: Approximately 73 meters
• Architecture: Ustad Ahmad Lahori
• Material: Mainly white marble

Explanation

• Osman I was the founder of the Ottoman Empire.
• He established the empire in 1299 AD.
• He was a Turkish tribal leader known as Osman Gazi.
• His reign lasted from 1299 to 1324 AD.

Last verified on 26-04-2026

Explanation

• During his five-year rule from 1540 to 1546.
• Sher Shah Suri set up a new civic and military administration.
• He issued a coin of silver, weighing 178 grains.
• It was also termed the Rupiya.
• The silver coin remained in use during the Mughal period, the Maratha era (1674–1818) and in British India, as well.

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation

• Shalimar Gardens in Lahore was built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan.
• Construction Year: 1641–42
• Included in UNESCO World Heritage Site: 1981
• Terraces: 3 main terraces (upper, middle, lower)
• Water Fountains: Over 400 fountains
• Total Area: Approximately 16 hectares
• Shah Jahan also built: Taj Mahal (Agra), Jama Masjid (Delhi), Red Fort (Delhi)

Last verified on 18-01-2026

Explanation

• First Mughal Emperor: Babur
• Full Name: Zahir-ud-Din Muhammad Babur
• Reign: 1526–1530
• Born: 14 February 1483, Andijan
• Origin: Fergana, Central Asia
• Victory: First Battle of Panipat (1526)
• Defeated: Ibrahim Lodi
• Died: 26 December 1530, Agra
• Ancestry: Timur & Genghis Khan

Explanation

• Shah Jahan, born on January 5, 1592, in Lahore.
• He was the fifth emperor of the Mughal Empire.
• He reigning from January 1628 until July 1658.
• He was the first Mughal Emperor to sit on the Peacock Throne.
• Shah Jahan died on January 22, 1666, at Agra Fort, Agra, India.
• He is buried at the Taj Mahal, Agra, India.
• His full name was A'la Azad Abul Muzaffar Shahab ud-Din Mohammad Shah Jahan.

Explanation

• Babur’s reign in India: 1526–1530
• He founded the Mughal Empire in India.
• First Battle of Panipat: 1526
• Death: 1530
• His son Humayun succeeded him.

Explanation

• Bahadur Shah Zafar is the last Mughal emperor of India (reigned 1837–57).
• He was a poet, musician, and calligrapher, more an aesthete than a political leader.
• He was born October 24, 1775, in Delhi, India.
• He died November 7, 1862, in Rangoon [now Yangon], Myanmar.

Additional information:

• The first Mughal emperor was Babur, who founded the empire in 1526.

Last verified on 01-06-2026

Explanation

• The Mansabdari system was introduced by Emperor Akbar as an administrative and military system.
• Branding of horses (Dagh) was an important feature to prevent fraud and maintain military standards.

Last verified on 08-09-2026