Explanation

• The four Geneva Conventions of 1949 have been ratified by 196 states.

Additional information:

• The Geneva Conventions are based partly on the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907.
• First Geneva Convention: Adopted in 1864; revised in 1906, 1929, and 1949.
• Second Geneva Convention: Adopted in 1949; succeeded the Hague Convention (X) of 1907.
• Third Geneva Convention: First adopted in 1929; revised in 1949.
• Fourth Geneva Convention: Adopted in 1949.

Last verified on 29-10-2026

Explanation

• The Human Development Index (HDI) is issued annually by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

Main Indicators: 3

1. Life expectancy (Health)
2. Education
3. Gross National Income (GNI) per capita

Additional information:

• UNDP Founded: 22 November 1965
• UNDP Headquarters: New York City
• UNDP Purpose: Promote sustainable human development and reduce poverty

Last verified on 08-07-2026

Explanation

FATF (Financial Action Task Force):

• Headquarters: Paris, France
• Purpose: To combat money laundering and terrorism financing / Financial regulations and anti-money laundering
• Official Languages: English & French
• Full Member Countries: 37
• Full Member Organizations: 2
• Total Members: 39

Last verified on 10-03-2026

Explanation

• Full Form: Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
• Founded: 15 June 2001
• Headquarters: Beijing, China
• Founder Members (2001): China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
• Purpose: Regional security, economic cooperation, counter-terrorism, and cultural cooperation

Additional information:

Current SCO Member States (10):

1. China
2. Russia
3. Kazakhstan
4. Kyrgyzstan
5. Tajikistan
6. Uzbekistan
7. India (Joined: 9 June 2017)
8. Pakistan (Joined: 9 June 2017)
9. Iran (Joined: 4 July 2023)
10. Belarus (Joined: 4 July 2024)

Verified & Updated

Explanation

On March 4, 2025, the United States withdrew from the board of the United Nations' Loss and Damage Fund.

The fund was created at the United Nations Climate Conference (COP27) in 2022 in Egypt. 

LDF provides financial aid to regions facing losses due to climate change, including rising sea levels, extreme weather and drop failures. 

The fund is managed by a Governing Board, with the World Bank as an interim trustee for four years. 

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