Explanation

Jean Piaget identified four cognitive development stages:

1. Sensorimotor
2. Preoperational
3. Concrete operational
4. Formal operational

He focused on how children's thinking evolves with age and experience.

Last verified on 11-11-2026

Explanation

• Scaffolding refers to the guidance provided by adults or peers to help a child perform a task.
• This support is gradually removed as the child becomes more independent.

Last verified on 23-05-2026

Explanation

• Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) – Difference between independent and assisted learning
• Scaffolding – Temporary support given by teacher/parent
• Learning improves through social interaction
• Vygotsky emphasized collaborative learning over individual learning
• Child can perform better tasks with guidance from more knowledgeable person

Last verified on 10-04-2026

Explanation

Piaget identified four stages starting with birth through adulthood:

1. The sensorimotor stage (0-2 years old)
2. Preoperational stage (2-7 years old)
3. Concrete operational stage (7-11 years old)
4. Formal operational stage (11 years and older)

Last verified on 11-11-2026

Explanation

• Allegations should be examined through established procedures.
• Both the complainant and the accused should receive fair treatment.
• Decisions should be based on evidence and applicable rules.

Last verified on 11-11-2026