Explanation

• Türkiye signed the Artemis Accords on 31 August 2026, becoming the 71st signatory nation.
• The agreement was signed on Türkiye’s behalf by Mehmet Fatih Kacır, Minister of Industry and Technology.

Additional information:

• The Artemis Accords were established in 2020.
• It was led by NASA and the United States Department of State, to promote peaceful, transparent and responsible space exploration.
• The accords establish principles for international cooperation in exploring the Moon, Mars and beyond.

Last verified on 22-10-2026

Explanation

• Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif visited Saudi Arabia from 6–8 August 2026 to strengthen Pakistan–Saudi Arabia bilateral relations and discuss regional and international developments of mutual interest.
• The visit aimed to deepen strategic cooperation, improve coordination on regional and international issues, and reinforce multilateral cooperation.
• The visit took place amid heightened tensions in the Gulf, making regional security and diplomatic coordination important discussion areas.

Last verified on 21-10-2026

Explanation

• Pakistan assumed the presidency of the United Nations Conference on Disarmament (CD) on 17 August 2026.
• Ambassador Tahir Hussain Andrabi presided over its meetings on Pakistan’s behalf. 
• The Conference on Disarmament is based at the United Nations Office at Geneva.
• It has 65 member states.
• It serves as a forum for negotiating disarmament and arms-control treaties. 
• Its key issues include nuclear disarmament, preventing nuclear war, and preventing an arms race in outer space.

Last verified on 21-10-2026

Explanation

About Makkah Joint Defence Agreement 2026

Signing Date: 7 August 2026

Place: Al-Safa Palace, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Signatories: Shehbaz Sharif (Pakistan), Mohammed bin Salman (Saudi Arabia), Recep Tayyip Erdogan

(Turkiye)

The agreement was signed during the Makkah Al-Mukarramah Summit for Joint Defence.

An armed attack on one member will be regarded as an attack on all three.

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Explanation

The Mecca Joint Defence Agreement 

• Date Signed: August 7, 2026
• Members: Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey.
• Core Rule: An armed attack on any one of the three member countries is treated as an attack on all of them.

Last updated by NS on 06-09-2026​​