Explanation

• Carbon Dating is one of the methods to calculate the age of fossils. It is based on the principle of Radioactivity.
• Radioactive isotope: Carbon-14 (¹⁴C)
• Half-life: 5,730 years
• Developed by: Willard Libby
• Introduced: 1949
• Dating range: Up to 50,000 years

Last verified on 20-07-2026

Explanation

• Thermodynamics studies the relationship between heat, temperature, energy, and work.

Additional information:

• First law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed (Law of energy conservation)
• Second law: Heat flows from hot to cold spontaneously
• Third law: Absolute zero cannot be reached
• Zeroth law: Establishes temperature measurement
• Applications: Engines, refrigerators, heat pumps, and power plants

Last verified on 13-03-2026

Explanation

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that develops machines capable of performing tasks that normally require human intelligence.
• These tasks include learning, reasoning, problem-solving, decision-making, and understanding language.
• Machine Learning and Deep Learning are important subfields of AI.

Last verified on 14-11-2026

Explanation

• Amylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into sugars.
• All amylases are glycoside hydrolases.
• It is used in breadmaking.

Additional information:

Protease:

• It is an enzyme that catalyzes proteolysis.

Lipase:

• It is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats.

Peptidase:

• It is an enzyme that breaks down peptides into amino acids.

Last verified on 13-11-2026

Explanation

• Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
• Proteins are formed when amino acids join together by peptide bonds.
• Proteins are essential for growth, repair, and body functions.
• There are 20 standard amino acids used to make proteins.

Verified & Updated