Explanation

• GIS (Geographic Information System) is a computer-based system used to collect, store, analyze, and display geographically referenced data.
• Its basic output is often a map that presents spatial information visually.
• GIS maps can show roads, buildings, rivers, land use, population distribution, and service locations.
• GIS also produces tables, statistics, reports, and spatial measurements, depending on the analysis.

Last verified on 21-10-2026

Explanation

• The lightning conductor or rod used for protecting buildings from lightning is made of copper.
• A lightning conductor is a metal rod installed at the highest point of a building to provide a safe path for lightning current to reach the ground.
• Copper is commonly used.
• Because it is an excellent electrical conductor.
• It has good resistance to corrosion.

Additional information:

• Light rod was invented by Benjamin Franklin in the 18th century.

Last verified on 21-10-2026

Explanation

• Australia is located in the Southern Hemisphere, where summer begins around December.
• During December, the Southern Hemisphere tilts towards the Sun because of Earth’s axial tilt of approximately 23.5°.

Additional information:

• Australia’s summer generally lasts from December to February, while winter lasts from June to August.

Last verified on 21-10-2026

Explanation

• When the brake shoe or brake pad presses against a rotating drum or disc, friction is produced.
• This friction converts the tractor’s kinetic energy into heat energy, slowing down or stopping the wheels.
• Brake effectiveness depends on the friction between the braking surfaces and the condition of the brake components.

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• Saturated vapour exists at the saturation temperature corresponding to a given pressure.
• During boiling, liquid water changes into steam at its saturation temperature, provided the pressure remains constant.
• At standard atmospheric pressure, water boils at approximately 100°C, and its saturation pressure is approximately 101.325 kPa.

Last verified on 16-10-2026