Explanation

Span of control refers to the number of subordinates a principal can effectively manage or direct.

It ensures efficient supervision without overwhelming the leader.

Explanation

Paternity leave is granted for a maximum of 30 days outside of an employee's leave account.

This leave is fully paid.

In the Pakistan National Assembly's Maternity and Paternity Leave Act, this leave is specified as not exceeding 30 days, with the exception of cases where it's granted within the employee's existing leave account or as extraordinary leave without pay.

The leave is also limited to three times during an employee's entire service.

Explanation

Teachers often dislike autocratic leadership because it limits their participation in decision-making.

It creates a strict environment with little room for collaboration or feedback from staff.

Explanation

Transactional leadership is based on a system of rewards for good performance and punishments for poor performance.

It focuses on clear roles, goals, and structured tasks, motivating subordinates through external incentives.

Explanation

Teachers work closely with the principal and observe their leadership, decision-making, and management style daily.

They are in the best position to evaluate the effectiveness of the principal’s administration within the school environment.

Explanation

Trait theory suggests that leaders are born with inherent qualities that make them effective leaders.

It emphasizes innate traits like confidence, intelligence, and charisma, not skills developed over time.

Explanation

Explanation

In a secondary school, the headmaster (or principal) is the immediate authority to whom the teacher reports.

The headmaster manages day-to-day school operations and supervises teaching staff directly.

Explanation

Sampling is the process of selecting a subset of individuals from a population to represent the entire group in a study.

It helps researchers collect data efficiently without surveying the whole population.

Explanation

Reliability refers to the consistency of test results — if repeated trials yield the same effect or outcome, the test is considered reliable.

It ensures that the measurement tool produces stable and consistent results over time.