Explanation

• Tritium, also known as superheavy hydrogen.
• It has 1 proton and 2 neutrons in its atomic nucleus.

Additional information:

• Protium (¹H) → 1 proton, 0 neutrons
• Deuterium (²H) → 1 proton, 1 neutron

Last verified on 19-03-2026

Explanation

The K orbit, also known as the first electron shell.

• It can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.

The L orbit, also known as the second electron shell.

• It can hold a maximum of 8 electrons.

The M orbit, also known as the third electron shell.

• It can hold a maximum of 18 electrons.

Last verified on 19-03-2026

Explanation

• The mass number (A) is the sum of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom.
• It is a measure of the total number of nucleons (protons and neutrons) in the nucleus.
• It helps determine the atomic mass and distinguishes isotopes of an element.

Last verified on 19-03-2026

Explanation

• Comets: huge masses of snow and rocks that revolve around the Sun in orbits.
• Comets: have huge glowing tails.
• Halley's Comet was last seen in: 1986
• Halley's Comet will be next seen in: 2062

Last verified on 18-03-2026

Explanation

• Wavelength is the distance between two successive crests or two successive troughs in a transverse wave.
• It represents one complete cycle of a wave.

Additional information:

• Symbol used: λ (Lambda)
• SI unit: meter (m)
• Wave formula: v = fλ
• Example wavelength values: 1 m, 0.5 m, 10 cm, 500 nm, 700 nm
• Visible light wavelength range: ~400 nm – 700 nm

Last verified on 12-03-2026

Explanation

• Antoine Lavoisier, a French chemist, is credited with discovering the law of conservation of mass in 1789 (1785).
• He demonstrated that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, only transformed from one substance to another.

Last verified on 10-03-2026

Explanation

• The ozone layer acts as Earth’s natural sunscreen, protecting life from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
• UV radiation can cause skin cancer, eye damage, and harm to plants and animals.

Additional information:

• Chemical Formula: O₃ (three oxygen atoms)
• Layer Location: Stratosphere, 15–40 km above Earth
• Function: Absorbs UV-B and UV-C rays from the Sun
• Depletion Causes: Air pollution, CFCs, industrial chemicals
• Protection Measures: Reduce CFC use, ozone-friendly products

Last verified on 09-03-2026

Explanation

• A covalent bond is formed between two non-metal atoms. 
• Examples: Molecule formation like H₂O and CO₂.
• Properties: Generally results in lower melting/boiling points compared to ionic compounds.
• These atoms achieve stability by sharing one or more pairs of valence electrons to fill their outer shells

Last updated on 09-03-2026

Explanation

Elements or compounds that combine in a chemical reaction are called reactants.

Explanation

• Petroleum, Coal, and Natural gas are all fossil fuels. 
• They are non-renewable energy sources 
• Major contributors to global energy production.
• Coal: A solid fossil fuel primarily derived from ancient swamp plants.
• Petroleum (Oil): from the remains of marine microorganisms like plankton.
• Natural gas: Composed of methane, often found in underground deposits alongside petroleum or coal

Last updated on 06-March-2026