Explanation

Networks are typically classified into four main types based on distance (geographical coverage):

1. PAN (Personal Area Network) – Very short distance (e.g., Bluetooth, USB connections).
2. LAN (Local Area Network) – Limited area (e.g., home, office, or school network).
3. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) – City-wide coverage (e.g., ISP networks in a city).
4. WAN (Wide Area Network) – Large-scale, global reach (e.g., the Internet).

Last verified on 08-06-2026

Explanation

• Communication between a keyboard and computer is simplex.
• It means data flows in one direction only — from keyboard to computer.
• The computer does not send data back to the keyboard during typing.

Additional information:

There are 3 main data transmission modes:

1. Simplex: Data flows in one direction only (e.g., keyboard to computer).
2. Half-Duplex: Data can flow both ways, but not at the same time (e.g., walkie-talkies).
3. Full-Duplex: Data flows both ways simultaneously (e.g., telephone conversations).

Last verified on 17-06-2026

Explanation

• The phrase accustomed ended with “To” and is  followed by “ing” form of a verb.
• Accustomed to something means کسی چیز کا عادی ہونا
• I am not accustomed to being interrupted.

Last verified on 12-05-2026

Explanation

• The ozone layer acts as Earth’s natural sunscreen, protecting life from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
• UV radiation can cause skin cancer, eye damage, and harm to plants and animals.

Additional information:

• Chemical Formula: O₃ (three oxygen atoms)
• Layer Location: Stratosphere, 15–40 km above Earth
• Function: Absorbs UV-B and UV-C rays from the Sun
• Depletion Causes: Air pollution, CFCs, industrial chemicals
• Protection Measures: Reduce CFC use, ozone-friendly products

Last verified on 09-03-2026

Explanation

A gateway is the primary network device designed to connect two or more networks

Use different, incompatible, or disparate protocols.

Acting as a protocol converter or "translator," 

It acts as a translator between systems so they can communicate effectively.

Last updated 15-feb-2026

Explanation

Bandwidth refers to the amount of data transmitted per second.

It is measured in bits per second (bps).

It indicates the speed or capacity of a network connection.

Last updated 15-feb-2026

Explanation

• NIC stands for Network Interface Card.
  • It connects a computer to a network or internet.
  • It can be wired (Ethernet) or wireless (Wi-Fi).
  • Every NIC has a unique MAC address.
  • It enables data communication between devices.

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

A flowchart is a graphical representation of a program or algorithm using symbols to show the flow of control.

It helps visualize logic and the sequence of operations before actual coding.

Explanation

Constitution of 1956 · Pakistan was declared as the Islamic Republic

while

Both Urdu and Bengali were declared as official and national languages of Pakistan in the 1956 constitution

All important questions of  "the 1956 constitution"

1956 constitution is promulgated on 23 March 1956

***

Iskander Mirza abrogated the 1956 constitution

***

In 1956 the designation of Governor General changed to President

****

40 years was the age prescribed for president in the 1956 constitution

**

The Constitution of 1956 contained 234 articles divided into thirteen parts and six schedules

**

The constitution of 1956 remained implemented for 2 years 6 months and 14 days.

**

The constitution of 1956 provided a Parliamentary form of government for the country.

**

1956 constitution legislature was Unicameral

**

The Constitution of 1956 provided for a federal system with the principle of parity between East Pakistan and West Pakistan

ND16-1-2023

****

nd9-2-2023

ND 12-2-2023

SH26-8-2023

Explanation

The five major crops in Pakistan are:

1. Cotton
2. Wheat
3. Rice
4. Sugarcane
5. Maize

Cotton is the most important cash crop.

It followed by rice, which is the second main staple food crop and a major export commodity.

Cash crop means نقدی فصل