Explanation

Res-judicata (Sec. 11 CPC): applies when a matter has been finally decided between the same parties and cannot be re-litigated.

Res sub-judice (Sec. 10 CPC): applies when a matter is still pending in another competent court, so the later suit must be stayed.

Explanation

Section 393 PPC 1860 provides punishment for an attempt to commit robbery.

The offender may face rigorous imprisonment up to 7 years along with a fine.

Explanation

• As per Section 96(2) CPC 1908, an appeal can be filed against certain types of decrees.
• It specifically allows an appeal against an ex-parte decree (decree passed without hearing the defendant).
• An ex-parte decree is still a valid original civil decree.
• Appeals in civil procedure do not lie in criminal cases under CPC.

Last updated by NS on 16-April-2026

Explanation

Section 201 CrPC states that if a Magistrate not competent to take cognizance receives a written complaint, he must return it with an endorsement for presentation to the proper Court.

This ensures the case is heard by the court having lawful jurisdiction.

Explanation

Explanation

Article 2(1)(a) QSO defines "Court" broadly but excludes arbitrators from the category.

This is because arbitrators are not legally authorized to take evidence as courts do.

Explanation

Maulvi Tamiz-ud-Din Khan, as President of the Constituent Assembly, challenged the Governor General’s dissolution of the Assembly.

He sought writs of mandamus and quo warranto from the Federal Court.

Explanation

Article 17(2)(b) allows the Court to accept the testimony of one man, one woman, or other suitable evidence in non-Hudood and non-special law matters.

This gives the court discretion to decide based on the circumstances of the case.

Explanation

Article 73 allows proving the contents of documents through either primary or secondary evidence.

This flexibility ensures proof is possible even if the original is unavailable under valid reasons.

Explanation

Section 340 PPC defines wrongful confinement as preventing a person from proceeding beyond certain limits.

Locking Z inside a walled space fits the definition of wrongful confinement.