Explanation

Heavy proteinuria is the hallmark feature of nephrotic syndrome in children.

It leads to hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia, confirming the diagnosis.

Explanation

Physiotherapy in cerebral palsy helps enhance motor function and mobility, promoting independence.

Regular exercises can reduce muscle stiffness and improve coordination and gait.

Explanation

Understanding how the injury occurred helps the nurse assess fracture type, severity, and risk for associated injuries.

It guides further diagnostic evaluation and immediate care.

Explanation

Deep breathing exercises help mobilize and clear respiratory secretions.

They improve lung expansion and ventilation, aiding recovery in pneumonia.

Explanation

Severe or untreated otitis media can spread to intracranial structures.

Meningitis is a serious, life-threatening complication resulting from such spread.

Explanation

Frequent swallowing after tonsillectomy often indicates blood trickling into the throat.

It is an early sign of postoperative hemorrhage and requires immediate assessment.

Explanation

Common signs of hypernatremia include dry skin, altered sensorium, and seizures due to cellular dehydration.

Tingling sensation is more typically associated with electrolyte imbalances like hypocalcemia, not hypernatremia.

Explanation

Failure to pass meconium within 24–48 hours is a classic sign of Hirschsprung disease.

It is caused by absence of ganglion cells in the colon, leading to functional intestinal obstruction.

Explanation

The four components of Tetralogy of Fallot are:

1. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
2. Pulmonary stenosis
3. Overriding aorta
4. Right ventricular hypertrophy

Left ventricular hypertrophy is not a feature of Tetralogy of Fallot.

Explanation

In fetal circulation, pressure is higher in the right atrium due to oxygenated blood entering from the placenta via the inferior vena cava.

This increased pressure helps blood flow through the foramen ovale into the left atrium.