Explanation

• Gall is an abnormal growth or swelling on plants caused by insects, bacteria, fungi, or other external stimuli.
• Results from excessive cell division in specific tissues.
• Can appear on leaves, stems, roots, or flowers, affecting plant health.

Last verified on 03-02-2026

Explanation

• Oligopoly is a market with a few sellers offering similar but differentiated products.
• Sellers have significant influence over price and market conditions.
• Common in industries like automobiles, electronics, and telecom.

Last verified on 03-02-2026

Explanation

• The Government of Pakistan announced the minimum support price (MSP) for wheat crop 2021‑22 at Rs. 1950 per 40 kg.
• This price was set to encourage farmers to grow sufficient wheat and improve production.

Last verified on 03-02-2026

Explanation

• Productivity measures the average or real output produced per unit of input (like labor, land, or capital).
• Helps assess how efficiently resources are being used in production.
• Higher productivity indicates better resource utilization and economic performance..

Last verified on 03-02-2026

Explanation

• A trade surplus occurs when a country exports more goods than it imports.
• It indicates that a nation is earning more from exports than it is spending on imports.
• Trade surplus strengthens a country’s economy and foreign reserves.

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

• Taq polymerase is an enzyme extracted from the bacterium Thermus aquaticus.
• It is heat-stable, allowing DNA amplification at high temperatures in PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction).
• Crucial for modern molecular biology and genetic research.

Last verified on 03-02-2026

Explanation

• Recombinant DNA is formed by combining DNA from two different sources.
• This technology allows insertion of a gene from one organism into another.
• Used in medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology for desired traits.

Last verified on 03-02-2026

Explanation

• Calcium is a non-moveable (immobile) nutrient in plants.
• Once deposited in older tissues, it cannot be easily relocated to new growth.
• Essential for cell wall structure, root development, and fruit quality.

Last verified on 03-02-2026

Explanation

• Locusts are migratory pests that can destroy vast areas of crops in a short time.
• They travel in swarms, feeding on almost all green vegetation.
• Considered one of the most disastrous agricultural pests worldwide.

Last verified on 03-02-2026

Explanation

• Wheat is affected by several diseases that reduce yield and quality.
• Common diseases include leaf blight, stripe smut, and rust.

Additional information:

• Leaf blight: Causes yellow/brown lesions on leaves, reduces photosynthesis.
• Stripe smut: Fungal disease producing black streaks on stems and leaves.
• Rust: Includes leaf rust, stem rust, and stripe rust; reduces grain quality and yield.

Last verified on 03-02-2026