Explanation

• Modem is a computer hardware device used for communication over a network.
• Modem stands for Modulator-Demodulator.
• A modem converts digital data into signals suitable for transmission.
• It also converts incoming signals back into digital data.
• Modems are commonly used to provide Internet connectivity.

Last verified on 15-09-2026

Explanation

• Junk mail is also called spam.
• The name comes from an old Monty Python comedy sketch.
• It is commonly used for ads, scams, or fake promotions.
  

Additional information:

• Spoof means pretending to be another sender (email spoofing).
• Email services use spam filters to block junk mail automatically.

Explanation

• PowerPoint is used to create multimedia presentations.
• Combines text, images, audio, video, animations, and charts.
• Developed by Microsoft.
• File extension: .pptx

Last updated on 14-09-2026

Explanation

• IBM 1401 belongs to the second generation. 
• Second generation of computers: 1956 to 1963
• Used in the second generation: Transistors

Additional information:

• IBM stands for International Business Machines
• Founded on June 16, 1911. 
• Formerly: Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (1911–1924)
• Renamed to IBM: 1924
• Founders
• George Winthrop Fairchild
• Charles Ranlett Flint
• Herman Hollerith
• Headquarters: 1 Orchard Road, Armonk, New York, United States
• Area served: 170 countries

Explanation

• Maximum font size in dropdown: 72 pt
• You can manually enter a larger size, such as 1638 pt.
• The list contains font sizes in points 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 36, 48 and 72.

Explanation

Shift + F3 → Changes text case in MS Word.

It cycles through:

• lowercase
• UPPERCASE
• Capitalize Each Word

Additional information:

MS Word — Useful Shortcuts

• Ctrl + B → Bold
• Ctrl + I → Italic
• Ctrl + U → Underline
• Ctrl + C → Copy
• Ctrl + X → Cut
• Ctrl + V → Paste
• Ctrl + Z → Undo
• Ctrl + Y → Redo
• Ctrl + S → Save
• Ctrl + P → Print
• Ctrl + A → Select All

Explanation

• Intelligent Device: Contains a microprocessor (or Sensor)
• Microprocessor: Acts as the brain of the device.
• Function: Processes data and instructions.
• Examples: Smartphone, smartwatch, calculator.

Last updated NS on 13-09-2026

Explanation

• SATA: Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
• Type: Computer hardware interface
• Used for: Connecting storage devices
• Devices: HDDs, SSDs & optical drives
• Connection: Storage device → Motherboard

Last updated NS on 13-09-2026

Explanation

• A firewall’s main function is to prevent or block unauthorized access to a computer network.
• It acts as a security barrier between trusted and untrusted networks (like the internet).
• It filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on security rules.
• It helps protect systems from hackers and unwanted access attempts.

Last verified on 10-06-2026

Explanation

• The dollar sign ($) is used to create an absolute cell reference in MS Excel.

Additional information:

• Absolute Reference: $D$2 (Row and column fixed)
• Relative Reference: D2 (Row and column change)
• Mixed Reference: $D2 (Column fixed)
• Mixed Reference: D$2 (Row fixed)
• Shortcut Key: F4 toggles between reference types.

Last verified on 18-07-2026