Explanation

• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is specifically designed to transfer files between computers over the internet.
• It allows uploading, downloading, and managing files on remote servers.

Last verified on 13-09-2026

Explanation

• The SQL command used to retrieve data from a database table is the SELECT statement.
• This command is fundamental to the Data Query Language (DQL) in SQL.

Last verified on 07-06-2026

Explanation

• COUNTA() counts only non-empty cells in a selected range.
• It counts cells containing numbers, text, logical values (TRUE/FALSE), errors, and formulas that return values.
• It does not count completely empty cells.
• COUNTA() is commonly used for counting filled entries in datasets.

Additional information:

• COUNT() → Counts only numeric cells
• COUNTBLANK() → Counts empty (blank) cells
• COUNTIF() → Counts cells matching a specific condition
• COUNTIFS() → Counts cells matching multiple conditions

Last verified 08-07-2026

Explanation

• Win + R opens the Run dialog box in Windows.
• It allows users to quickly open programs, folders, files, and system tools by typing commands

Additional Information:

• cmd: Opens the Command Prompt.
• notepad: Opens Notepad.
• msconfig: Opens System Configuration.
• control: Opens the Control Panel

Last updated 07-09-2026 by NA

Explanation

• Gateway — connects networks with different protocols; performs protocol conversion (works up to the application layer).

Additional information:

• Bridge — connects networks using the same protocol (data link layer).
• Router — connects networks using the same protocol, typically IP (network layer).

Last updated NA on 10-09-2026

Explanation

• F2: Renames a selected file, folder, or icon.

Additional information:

• F1: Help
• F2: Rename
• F3: Search files/folders
• F4: +Alt: Close window
• F5: Refresh
• F6: Jump to address bar
• F7: Spell/grammar check
• F8: Safe Mode at startup
• F9: Update fields
• F10: Activate menu bar
• F11: Full screen
• F12: Save As

Last updated NA on 10-09-2026

Explanation

• CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access.
•  It is a digital wireless radio transmission technology
• Used in mobile phones and communication networks

Last updated NA on 10-09-2026

Explanation

• ISDN stands for Integrated Services Digital Network.
• It is a set of communication standards.
• It transmits voice, video, and data simultaneously.

Last updated NA on 10-09-2026

Explanation

• DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.
• It is a network protocol that automatically assigns devices IP addresses and other network configuration settings.
• DHCP helps devices connect to a network without manually entering an IP address.

Last verified on 10-09-2026

Explanation

• VLSI stands for Very Large Scale Integration
• VLSI began in 1970
• It is the process of creating an integrated circuit (IC) by combining thousands, millions, or even billions of transistors onto a single tiny silicon chip