Explanation

• The nucleus is the control center of the cell.
• It regulates all vital activities like growth, reproduction, and metabolism.
• It contains genetic material (DNA).
• Ribosomes make proteins, and cytoplasm supports cell structure.

Last verified on 04-05-2026

Explanation

• Paleontology: The scientific study of fossils and ancient life.

Additional information:

• Archaeology: The study of past human societies through material remains.
• Geology: The study of Earth's structure, rocks, and processes.
• Anthropology: The study of humans, their evolution, and cultures.

Last verified on 25-10-2026

Explanation

• James Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932.
• A neutron is a subatomic particle with no electric charge, found in the nucleus of an atom.
• He received the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics for this discovery, which greatly improved scientific understanding of atomic structure.
• Neutrons help stabilize atomic nuclei.

Last verified on 25-10-2026

Explanation

• A heterocyclic compound is a cyclic compound whose ring contains at least one atom other than carbon, such as nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
• Indole is a heterocyclic compound consisting of a benzene ring fused with a five-membered nitrogen-containing ring.
• Pyridine is a heterocyclic compound with a six-membered ring containing five carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom.

Last verified on 25-10-2026

Explanation

• A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble vitamins.
• Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed by the body along with dietary fats.
• They are present in foods that contain fats.
• The body stores these vitamins in the liver and fat tissue when they are not in use. 
• Megadoses of fat-soluble vitamins can be toxic.

Last verified on 25-10-2026

Explanation

• Polio can be effectively prevented through vaccines: Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) and Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV).
• There is no cure or medication for polio, only prevention through immunization.

Last verified on 23-10-2026

Explanation

• Uranium deposits are found in Dera Ghazi Khan of Punjab.
• The uranium mill was also established in Pakistan in 1977-78.

Additional information:

• Kazakhstan is the biggest producer of Uranium in the world.
  
  
  Last verified on 22-10-2026

Explanation

• An electron carries a negative electric charge.
• Its charge is approximately −1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ C.
• A proton has an equal magnitude of positive charge, while a neutron has zero electric charge.
• The charge of an electron is called the elementary charge with a negative sign.

Explanation

• The ozone layer protects the Earth from the sun.
• It is a part of the atmosphere that absorbs most of the harmful ultraviolet light from the sun.
• It sits in the stratosphere.
• It is about 9 to 18 miles above the Earth.
• It stops dangerous UV rays from hurting living things.

Last updated by NS on 14-8-2026

Explanation

Oxidation is the chemical process of:

• Losing electrons
• Oxidation state increases
• Always paired with reduction (together form redox)
• Reducing agent gets oxidized (it gives up the electrons)

Additional information 

Reduction:

• Gain electrons
• Oxidation state lowers
• Always paired with oxidation (redox)
• Oxidizing agent gets reduced

Last verified on 22-10-2026