Explanation

The average translational kinetic energy of a molecule in an ideal gas is given by the formula:

E=3/2​kT

Where:

• $k = 1.38 times 10^{-23} , text{J/K}$ (Boltzmann constant)

• T=27∘C=300K (since 27°C + 273 = 300 K)

Now calculate:

E=3​/2×1.38×10^−23×300
E=3/2​×4.14×10^−21

6.21×10^−21 J

Explanation

 Angular momentum (L) is defined as the cross product of the position vector (r) of a particle with its linear momentum (p) relative to a chosen origin. 

Explanation

The dot product of a vector with itself is equal to the square of its magnitude, or |A|².

The dot product of two vectors A and B is defined as: A · B = |A| |B| cos θ, where θ is the angle between the vectors.

When a vector is dotted with itself, the angle θ becomes 0 (since the vectors are parallel), and cos 0 = 1.

Therefore, A · A = |A| |A| cos 0 = |A|². 

Explanation

Explanation

Optical fibers transmit data as light signals.

The signal is confined within the fiber due to the phenomenon where light hits a medium boundary.

It is completely reflected back.

Explanation

Bile juice is produced by the liver.

It is stored in the gall bladder.

From the gall bladder, it is released into the small intestine.

Bile juice aids digestion.

Explanation

Chloroform is classified as a possible human carcinogen, particularly linked to liver and kidney cancer with prolonged exposure.

It affects the liver by causing cellular damage.

It has been shown to induce tumors in animal studies.

Explanation

Explanation

Raney nickel is prepared by treating a nickel-aluminum (Ni-Al) alloy with concentrated NaOH.

This process removes aluminum, leaving behind porous nickel, which acts as an excellent hydrogenation catalyst.

Explanation

• 1 second → Half oscillation of a seconds pendulum
• 0.1 second → Very fast oscillating system
• 2 seconds → Time period of a seconds pendulum
• 0.5 second → Faster pendulum, shorter length than seconds pendulum