Explanation

• Maize (corn) originated in Central America, especially Mexico.
• It was first domesticated about 9,000 years ago.
• Native American civilizations widely cultivated it.
• Later it spread to Europe, Africa, and Asia after Columbus.
• Today it is one of the top 3 cereal crops of the world.

Last verified on 06-02-2026

Explanation

• Dajal is a recognized breed of draft cattle in Pakistan.
• It is mainly used for field work and pulling loads.
• The breed is known for strength and endurance.
• It is found mostly in Punjab region.

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

• Maize (corn) is a diploid plant species.
• Diploid means it has two sets of chromosomes (2n).
• The chromosome number of maize is 2n = 20.
• One set comes from each parent.
• Most major crop plants are naturally diploid.

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

• Viscosity measures a fluid’s resistance to flow or deformation.
• High viscosity → fluid flows slowly (e.g., honey).
• Low viscosity → fluid flows easily (e.g., water).
• Important in engineering, lubrication, and fluid dynamics.
• Temperature affects viscosity – higher temperature lowers viscosity.

Last verified on 06-02-2026

Explanation

• Silviculture is the practice of establishing and managing forest crops naturally or artificially.
• It includes planting, regeneration, and care of trees.
• Used in forestry management.
• Focuses on growth, health, and productivity of forests.
• Done through natural regeneration or plantation.

Last verified on 06-02-2026

Explanation

• Tikka disease is a common fungal disease of groundnut (peanut).
• It is well known in Chakwal region of Pakistan.
• Causes leaf spots and defoliation.
• Leads to reduced yield and poor pod development.
• Spreads mainly in humid conditions.

Last verified on 06-02-2026

Explanation

• Most fungal diseases spread in wet and cold conditions.
• High humidity and moisture favor fungal growth and spore germination.
• Common in crops, plants, and stored food.
• Examples include powdery mildew, rust, and blight.
• Proper drainage and ventilation help control fungal spread.

Last verified on 06-02-2026

Explanation

• The basic set of chromosomes (x) in wheat is 7.
• Common wheat (Triticum aestivum) is hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42).
• Meaning it has 6 sets of 7 chromosomes.
• Important for genetic studies and breeding programs.
• Determines inheritance of traits and hybrid development.

Last verified on 06-02-2026

Explanation

• A variety is a group of plants with similar characteristics approved for general cultivation in a specific ecological zone.
• Developed through selection or breeding.
• Ensures uniform growth, yield, and quality.
• Common in agriculture for crops like wheat, rice, and cotton.

Last verified on 06-02-2026

Explanation

Pakistan has a variety of soils due to its diverse climate, topography, and river systems.

• Arid soils – found in deserts like Thar and Cholistan, low in organic matter.
• Inceptisols – young soils in mountainous and hilly areas, moderately fertile.
• Entisols – very young soils, found in floodplains and river terraces.

Last verified on 06-02-2026