Explanation

• An endemic is the constant or usual presence of a disease in a particular area or population.
• An epidemic occurs when disease cases rise above the expected level within a specific region or population.
• A pandemic is an epidemic that spreads across multiple countries or continents, often affecting large numbers of people.
• Option 3 is incorrect because a pandemic is a global epidemic, not a global endemic.

Last verified on 21-10-2026

Explanation

• Bacteria are single-celled living organisms.
• Many can survive and reproduce independently under suitable conditions.
• Viruses contain genetic material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat.
• They cannot reproduce independently and require a living host cell.
• Bacteria reproduce mainly through binary fission, in which one cell divides into two cells.
• Viruses multiply by entering host cells and using the cells’ machinery to produce new viruses.

Last verified on 21-10-2026

Explanation

• Thermophiles are heat-loving microorganisms that thrive at high temperatures.
• They commonly grow best within approximately 45–80°C, depending on the species.
• These organisms are found in hot springs, compost piles, and other hot environments.

Last verified on 17-10-2026

Explanation

• Cactus is a CAM plant.
• CAM plants minimize photorespiration by concentrating CO₂ around the enzyme Rubisco during photosynthesis.

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• Lipids (fats) are generally present in relatively low amounts in most fruits and vegetables.
• Fruits and vegetables mainly provide water, vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre, and carbohydrates.

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble vitamins, not water-soluble.
• Vitamin B-complex and Vitamin C are water-soluble vitamins.

Additional information:

• Vitamin A: Important for vision and healthy skin.
• Vitamin K: Essential for normal blood clotting.
• Vitamin C: Helps in collagen formation and wound healing.

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• Prunus armeniaca is the scientific name of apricot.
• Apricot is a stone fruit belonging to the family Rosaceae.
• It is a deciduous fruit tree.
• It is commonly cultivated in temperate and cool regions.

Additional information:

• Pear: Pyrus communis
• Plum: Prunus domestica
• Peach: Prunus persica

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

Explanation

• Pomology is the branch of horticulture that deals with the study, cultivation, and production of fruits.
• Includes fruit breeding, harvesting, storage, and marketing.
• Examples of fruits studied: apple, mango, citrus, banana, grapes.

Last verified on 31-01-2026

Explanation

• Apple is a deciduous fruit tree. 
• It sheds its leaves during autumn as it enters winter dormancy.
• Other examples include pear, peach, and plum trees.

Last verified on 16-10-2026