Explanation

• Iron (Fe) is an immobile or poorly mobile nutrient in plants.
• Its deficiency commonly causes interveinal chlorosis (yellowing between the veins) in young leaves.

Additional information:

• Iron is a micronutrient required for chlorophyll formation and several plant enzyme processes.
• Iron deficiency is common in calcareous soils, where high soil pH reduces iron availability.

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• Potato (Solanum tuberosum) belongs to the Solanaceae family.
• It is commonly known as the nightshade family.
• This family includes tomato, eggplant (brinjal), chilli, and tobacco.
• The edible part of the potato is a modified underground stem called a tuber.

Additional information:

• Fabaceae: Pea, bean, and lentil family.
• Poaceae: Grass family, including wheat, rice, and maize.

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• Aerobic decomposition: Microorganisms decompose organic matter in the presence of oxygen.
• It generally occurs faster and produces carbon dioxide, water, and other products.
• Anaerobic decomposition: Microorganisms break down organic matter in the absence of oxygen.
• It can produce methane, carbon dioxide, and other compounds.
• Both processes are important in composting, sewage treatment, and organic-waste management.

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• Biodegradable waste is waste that microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, can break down naturally.
• Vegetable waste from farms, including leaves, stems, and spoiled vegetables, decomposes naturally.

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• Alkaloids: Tea leaves contain caffeine.
• It is a naturally occurring alkaloid that acts as a stimulant.
• Tannins: Tea leaves contain polyphenolic compounds traditionally called tannins, which contribute to tea’s astringent taste.
• Both substances are found in tea leaves and influence the taste and effects of tea.

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• Apomixis: Seed formation without fertilization, meaning the fusion of male and female gametes does not occur.
• The offspring are often genetically identical to the parent plant because the seed develops without normal sexual reproduction.

Additional information:

• Parthenocarpy: Fruit development without fertilization; it commonly produces seedless fruits.
• Grafting: A vegetative propagation method in which parts of two plants are joined.
• Scion: The shoot or stem piece joined to the rootstock during grafting.

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• Predator-prey: One organism (the predator) hunts, kills, and directly eats another living organism (the prey) for food.
• Example: A lion hunting and eating a zebra.

Additional information:

• Parasitism: One organism (the parasite) lives on or inside another organism (the host) and feeds off it. It harms the host but usually does not kill it right away.
• Example: Fleas drinking blood from a dog.
• Mutualism: A close relationship where both organisms help each other and benefit.
• Example: Bees collecting nectar while pollinating flowers.

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• Gymnosperms are plants whose seeds are not enclosed inside an ovary or fruit.
• The word gymnosperm means “naked seed.”
• Examples include pine, cycas, and fir.
• Their seeds are often borne on the scales of cones.

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• Chloroplast contains chlorophyll.
• It is the site where photosynthesis takes place in plant cells.
• It converts light energy into chemical energy (glucose) using carbon dioxide and water.

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• Leaves are called the food factory of plants.
• They prepare food through the process of Photosynthesis.
• Chlorophyll in leaves absorbs sunlight to make food.
• Photosynthesis uses Carbon dioxide (CO₂), Water (H₂O), and Sunlight.
• Food produced is mainly Glucose, which provides energy to the plant.

Last verified on 13-03-2026