Explanation

• Community consists of populations of different species living and interacting in the same area.

Additional information:

• Population → members of the same species
• Ecosystem → community + non-living environment
• Biosphere → all ecosystems on Earth

Last verified on 05-10-2026

Explanation

• Arterial blood contains approximately 50 mL of CO₂ per 100 mL of blood.
• Most CO₂ is transported in the form of bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻).

Last verified on 04-10-2026

Explanation

• WBCs survive for about 13–20 days, depending on the type.
• WBCs are also called Leukocytes.
• They protect the body against infections.
• They are produced in the bone marrow.

Important Note: The 13–20 days lifespan is not applicable to all WBCs; their lifespan varies according to type.

Explanation

Vitamin B Complex deficiency, specifically Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) deficiency, can cause:

Beriberi, a disease characterized by:

• Fatigue and weakness
• Nerve damage and pain
• Heart problems
• Swelling of legs and feet

Additional information:

• Vitamin B3 (Niacin) deficiency → Pellagra
• Vitamin B12 deficiency → Megaloblastic anemia and neurological problems

Last verified on 01-10-2026

Explanation

• Connective tissue provides support and structural strength to the body.
• Bone and cartilage are important connective tissues involved in skeletal support.
• It also connects, protects, and supports different body structures.
• It helps form the body's structural framework.

Last verified on 01-10-2026

Explanation

• Carbohydrates make up approximately 2–10% of the cell membrane.
• They are mainly present on the outer surface of the plasma membrane.
• They are attached to proteins and lipids.
• They are forming glycoproteins and glycolipids.
• They help in cell recognition and communication.

Last verified on 01-10-2026

Explanation

• Lactose = Glucose + Galactose
• Lactose is a disaccharide, meaning it contains two monosaccharide units.
• It is commonly known as milk sugar.
• Lactose is the main carbohydrate found in milk and dairy products.

Last verified on 01-10-2026

Explanation

• Residual volume (RV) is the volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum forced expiration.
• It cannot be voluntarily exhaled completely.
• It helps prevent the lungs from collapsing.
• It is different from normal tidal breathing.

Last verified on 01-10-2026

Explanation

• Plasma is a component of extracellular fluid (ECF).
• It is the liquid portion of blood.
• Plasma is found within blood vessels.
• It contains water, proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.

Last updated 08 Nov 2026 by NA

Explanation

• Calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels.
• It is a hormone produced by the C cells of the thyroid gland.
• It promotes calcium deposition in bones.
• It acts opposite to parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Last verified on 01-10-2026