Most living things, including animals, plants, and microorganisms, use oxygen (O2) to produce ATP through cellular respiration.
ATP is the primary energy currency of the cell, and it's essential for various biological processes like muscle contraction, nerve impulses, and biosynthesis.
Biotechnology in industry refers to the use of biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to develop new products and processes on a large scale.
This includes the production of alcohol, antibiotics, vaccines, biofuels, and other commodities.
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was a global research effort that successfully mapped the entire human genome, identifying all its genes and their sequences.
The project was completed in 2003.
It's findings have revolutionized our understanding of human biology, disease, and treatment.
Farmers were the earliest biotechnologists, as they inadvertently manipulated the genetic makeup of crops and livestock through selective breeding and domestication.
This traditional form of biotechnology dates back thousands of years, long before the discovery of DNA and modern genetic engineering techniques.
Air pollution refers to the presence of harmful substances in the air, including solid waste and excess gases, which can harm human health and the environment.
Examples include particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds, which can lead to respiratory problems and other health issues.
Mutualism is the association between two different species, known as symbionts, where both benefit from each other's presence and cannot survive without each other.
This intimate relationship is essential for the survival and success of both species.
