Explanation

• Also Known As: Growth Hormone (GH)
• Produced By: Pituitary gland
• Function: Stimulates normal growth of bones, muscles, and tissues

Additional information:

• Deficiency can lead to dwarfism, excess can cause gigantism
• Regulates protein synthesis and metabolism in the body

Last verified on 08-02-2026

Explanation

• Cause of Air Pollution: Vehicle emissions, industrial smoke, burning fossil fuels
• Effective Solution: Planting more trees absorbs CO₂ and releases oxygen

Additional information:

• Trees also trap dust, smoke, and harmful gases

Last verified on 08-02-2026

Explanation

• Condition: Kidneys fail to filter waste from blood (renal failure)
• Treatment: Dialysis removes waste and excess fluids from the blood artificially

Types of Dialysis:

• Hemodialysis: Blood filtered through a machine
• Peritoneal Dialysis: Uses lining of the abdomen to filter blood

Last verified on 08-02-2026

Explanation

• Location: Back of the brain
• Primary Function: Responsible for processing visual information
• Effect of Damage: Leads to partial or complete loss of vision, visual hallucinations, or difficulty recognizing objects

Last verified on 08-02-2026

Explanation

• Stomata are small openings on leaf surfaces for gas exchange.
• Present more on the lower side to reduce water loss (transpiration).
• Helps plants retain moisture while still taking in CO₂ for photosynthesis.
• Upper side has fewer stomata to avoid direct sun exposure.
• Found in most dicot leaves.

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

A nucleotide, the building block of DNA and RNA.

It consists of three components:

1. A phosphate group (phosphate)
2. A sugar molecule (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA)
3. One of four nitrogenous bases (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine in DNA; Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil in RNA)

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

• The mucus lining of the stomach protects it from acidic gastric juice.
• Damage leads to stomach ulcers or irritation.
• Main symptom: burning sensation (heartburn).
• Can cause pain, nausea, or indigestion.
• Often caused by excess acid, infection (H. pylori), or NSAIDs.

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

• Flame cells are specialized excretory organs in flatworms (Planaria (Platyhelminthes)
  • They remove waste and excess water from the body.
  • Called “flame cells” because cilia inside them flicker like a flame.
  • Part of the protonephridial system in invertebrates.

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

• Mitosis is the process where a cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells.
• Each daughter cell has the same number of chromosomes as the parent.
• Essential for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.
• Does not reduce chromosome number (unlike meiosis).
• Occurs in somatic (body) cells.

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

• Synapsis is the pairing of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.
• Allows crossing over and exchange of genetic material.
• Sister chromatids are identical copies; synapsis involves matching chromosomes from each parent.
• Essential for genetic variation in gametes.
• Occurs only in sexually reproducing organisms.

Last verified on 07-02-2026