Explanation

• Arachnids are a class of arthropods including spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites.
• They have 4 pairs of legs (total 8 legs).
• Arachnids lack antennae and wings.
• Example: Spider, Scorpion, Tick, Mite, Harvestman

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

• Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) is a key metabolic pathway in plants.
• It generates NADPH and pentoses (5-carbon sugars).
• Provides building blocks for nucleotide and amino acid synthesis.
• Operates parallel to glycolysis in the cytoplasm.
• Essential for biosynthesis and antioxidant defense.

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

Boiling milk is primarily a method of preservation

Because the high heat kills harmful bacteria and microorganisms that cause spoilage.

By destroying these pathogens,

The milk's shelf life is extended, making it safe for consumption for a longer period. 

Explanation

• Lepus capensis is the scientific name of the Cape hare.
• It is a fast-running wild hare species.
• Found in Africa, Middle East, and parts of South Asia.
• Lives in grasslands and semi-desert areas.
• Active mostly at night (nocturnal).

Last verified on 06-02-2026

Explanation

• Food adulterants are substances intentionally added to food to increase profit.
• They usually reduce quality and purity.
• Can be harmful to health.
• Considered an illegal and unethical practice.
• Different from food additives, which are added for safety or preservation.

Last verified on 06-02-2026

Explanation

• Protopectin is an insoluble stiffening material found in raw fruits and vegetables.
• It makes tissues firm and hard.
• During ripening, protopectin converts into soluble pectin.
• This conversion causes softening of fruits.
• Important in food processing and ripening biology.

Last verified on 06-02-2026

Explanation

• Mushrooms are fungi and belong to Pyronomycetes (a class of fungi).
• They are eukaryotic, non-photosynthetic organisms.
• Reproduce through spores.
• Widely used as food and in medicine.
• Grow in moist, shaded environments, often on decaying organic matter.

Last verified on 06-02-2026

Explanation

• In DNA, adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T).
• Pairing is via two hydrogen bonds.
• Ensures the double helix structure of DNA.
• Guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C) via three hydrogen bonds.
• This base pairing rule is called Chargaff’s rule.

Last verified on 06-02-2026

Explanation

• Tomato is rich in Vitamin C (ascorbic acid).
• Supports immune system and skin health.
• Also contains antioxidants like lycopene.
• Helps in collagen formation and wound healing.

Additional information:

• Orange – Vitamin C
• Carrot – Vitamin A
• Spinach – Vitamin K, iron
• Banana – Vitamin B6, potassium

Last verified on 06-02-2026

Explanation

• Taxonomy is the science of classifying and naming organisms.
  • Helps organize plants, animals, and microorganisms into groups.
  • Based on shared characteristics, genetics, and evolutionary relationships.
  • Developed initially by Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century.

Last verified on 06-02-2026