Explanation

Pteridophytes are the first terrestrial plants to possess vascular tissue.

A pteridophyte is a vascular plant (with xylem and phloem) that reproduces by means of spores.

Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds,

They are sometimes referred to as "cryptogams", meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden.

Explanation

Soil salinity is measured using a conductivity meter, which assesses the electrical conductivity of the soil.

Explanation

In gymnosperms, the ovule is covered by an integument, which is a protective layer.

Explanation

The prothallus of Nephrolepis (a type of fern) is haploid.

The prothallus is haploid, since it grew from a spore which had been formed by meiosis.

It does not have any vascular tissue and uses small rhizoids to anchor it to the ground.

On the underside of the prothallus the sex organs form.

Explanation

Excessive irrigation can lead to the accumulation of salts in the soil, causing salinity.

Salinity causes salt stress in plants.

Prolonged liberal irrigation results in nutrient depletion in the soil so that the plants do not grow properly.

Explanation

Wind-pollinated flowers have a large, feathery stigma in order to trap the airborne pollen grains.

Examples of plants that participate in wind pollination are wheat, rice, corn, and barley.

Explanation

Soil pollution can be caused by various factors including acid rain, ozone, and aerosols.

Explanation

Hatch and Slack Pathway In C4 Plants.

To fix carbon dioxide, this pathway is the alternate to the C3 cycle.

The first formed stable compound – oxaloacetic acid is a 4 carbon compound,hence the name C4 cycle.

This pathway is a common sight in several grasses, maize, sugarcane, amaranthus, sorghum.

Explanation

Natural resistance refers to an organism's inherent ability to resist diseases or pests due to genetic factors.

Explanation

Gibberellins are plant hormones that promote cell elongation, especially in internodal regions.